23 4 THE COMPOSITE FAMILY. [Inula. 
erect perennial, about a foot high or rather more. Leaves numerous, 
linear, thick and succulent, entire or with 1 or 2 small teeth at the 
base. Flower-heads not large, solitary on the short branches of a short, 
leafy panicle. Involucral bracts numerous and narrow. Florets of the 
ray bright yellow and spreading, not so narrow or so numerous as in the 
other species,. yet twice as many as in Solidago Virga-aurea. 
In salt-marshes, in western Europe, and all round the Mediterranean ; 
frequent on the southern and western coasts of Britain up to Kirkeud- 
bright and Wigton, and in the east to Essex, both in salt-marshes and 
on dry maritime limestone rocks, south-east of Ireland. Fl.” summer — 
— and autumn. 
4, I. Conyza, DC. (fig. 517). Ploughman’s Spikenard.—A hard, 
erect biennial, 2 to 3 feet high, covered with a short down, rough on 
the stem, soft and cottony on the under side of the leaves. Leaves 
ovate-lanceolate, the lower ones stalked, the upper sessile. Flower- 
heads numerous, in a terminal corymb. Involucres ovoid; the bracts 
numerous, the outer ones tipped with green, the inner linear, reddish, 
and erect. Outer florets numerous but very small, their purple styles 
alone protruding beyond the involucre, so that the plant appears at 
first sight to have no ray. 
In hedges and open woods, and roadsides, in central and southern 
Europe to the Caucasus, extending northwards into Denmark, but not 
into north-eastern Germany. In Britain, as far north as York and 
Westmoreland, but neither in Ireland nor Scotland. Fl. summer and 
autumn. : 
5. I. dysenterica, Linn. (fig. 518). Fleabane J.—Rootstock perennial, 
with ascending or erect stems 1 to 2 feet high, loosely branched, and, 
as well as the foliage, more or less downy or woolly. Leaves oblong, 
much waved, clasping the stem with rounded auricles. Flower-heads 
pedunculate in the upper axils or at the ends of the branches, hemi- 
spherical, rather more than half an inch in diameter, with a ray of very 
numerous, linear, spreading florets of a bright yellow. Involucral 
bracts also numerous and narrow. Pappus-hairs few and shorter than 
in the three preceding species, and enclosed at the base in a minute 
membranous cup. Pulicaria dysenterica, Geertn. 
In wet pastures, ditches, and roadsides, in central and southern 
- Europe and western and central Asia, extending northwards to the 
Baltic. Abundant in southern England and Ireland, becoming rare in 
the north, and scarcely found in Scotland. Fl. swmmer and autumn. 
This and the following species are sometimes separated as the genus 
Pulicaria, Geertn. 
6. I. Pulicaria, Linn. (fig. 519). Small Fleabane.—An erect, branch- 
ing annual, seldom a foot high, with narrower and less woolly leaves 
than J. dysenterica, which it resembles in many respects. Flower- 
heads much smaller, and the florets of the ray, although very numerous, 
yellow and spreading, are so short as at first sight to escape observa- — 
tion. The minute outer scales of the pappus are distinct, not forming ~ 
a little cup as in J. dysenterica. Pulicaria vulgaris, Geertn. . 
In moist waste places, roadsides, and sandy heaths, ranging over 
Europe, extending eastward across Russian Asia, and northwards to 
southern Sweden. In Britain, chiefly in south-eastern England, and 
not known either in Ireland or Scotland. Fl. summer and autumn. 
