te Fates #4 bl 
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Tussilago. | ~ XLII. COMPOSITE, 243 
with a loose, white, cottony wool, of which there is a little also on the 
upper side. 
In waste and cultivated ground throughout Europe and central and 
Russian Asia to the Arctic Circle, and a very troublesome weed in poor, 
stiff soils. Abundant in Britain. Fl. early spring. 
2. T. Petasites, Linn. (fig. 541), Butterbur.—Leaves of 7. Farfara, 
but usually larger. Flowering stems not in tufts, often a foot high 
when full-grown, with many flower-heads, of a dull, pinkish-purple, in 
a narrow-oblong terminal panicle, and almost dicecious. The {male 
plant has a looser panicle of smaller heads, the florets either all tubular 
and male (the pistil, although apparently perfect, having no ovule and 
forming no seed), or with a few filiform female ones on the outside ; 
the female panicle more compact, the heads larger, the florets all 
filiform, or with a few tubular male ones in the centre. Petasites 
vulgaris, Desf. 
In sandy meadows, on the banks of streams, or roadsides, in Europe 
and Russian Asia, but not an Arctic plant. Frequent in England and 
in Ireland, extending into southern Scotland. fl. spring. It is often 
distinguished from Tussilago as a genus, under the name of Petastics. 
XX. SENECIO. SENECIO. 
_ Herbs (or, in some exotic species, shrubs), with alternate, toothed or 
divided, rarely entire leaves. Flower-heads in terminal corymbs; the 
florets of the disk yellow and tubular, those of the ray also yellow (or, 
in some exotic species, blue, purple, or white), spreading, or rarely 
wanting. Involucre cylindrical or nearly hemispherical, with 1 or 2 
rows of linear bracts of equal length, often tipped with brown, usually, 
but not always, accompanied by a few small outer bracts at their base. 
Receptacle without scales. Achenes cylindrical, with a pappus of 
simple hairs, usually soft and.white. Branches of the style truncate 
at the top, usually with a tuft of minute hairs. 
This, the largest of all Composite genera, is spread over every quarter 
of the globe, although the majority of species occupy each a small area. 
Several species which have not the small outer bracts to the involucre 
were distinguished by Linnzeus under the name of Cineraria, but the 
character has proved so uncertain that modern botanists have given 
it up. 
Leaves cut and divided. 
Florets of the ray very small and rolled back, or entirely wanting. 
Root annual. 
Ray none. Flower-heads almost sessile, in dense corymbs 
or clusters ; , . ; : , ‘ : ; ‘ 
Ray small and rolled back or rarely wanting. Flower-heads 
stalked, in loose corymbs. 
Whole plant very viscid. Involucres broadly cylindrical, 
of about 20 bracts, with 2 or 3 short outer ones. Achenes 
glabrous : F ; . ‘ . ‘ , . 
Plant rarely viscid. Involucres narrow, of about 12 to 14 
bracts; the outer ones scarcely perceptible. Achenes 
a 
on 
. vulgaris. 
2. S. viscosus. 
silky ‘ : : : ‘ ‘ . ; ‘ } S. sylvatieus, 
Florets of the ray conspicuous and spreading. [Rarely absent in S., 
Jacobea. | 
Root annual. 
Achenes with short silky hairs . ‘ é ; t . 4. 8. squalidus, 
Achenes quite glabrous ' ‘ : ‘ ¢ ‘ ; . od & agquatieus, 
