O44 THE COMPOSITE FAMILY, 
Rootstock perennial, 
Branches spreading. Corymb loose and irregular. Achenes 
all glabrous . 5. S, aqguaticus. 
Stem tall and erect. “Corymb "rather dense ‘and terminal. 
Achenes of the disk hairy. 
Leaves irregularly pinnate, with a broad terminal lobe. 
Achenes of the ray glabrous. Rootstock not creeping 6. S. Jacobea. 
Leaves pinnate; the lobes all narrow. Achenes all hairy. 
Rootstock shortly creeping . vane . « « 1. a. CFienereme: 
Leaves undivided; entire or toothed. 
Involucres with small, fine outer bracts at the base. Leaves 
acutely toothed. 
Leaves cottony underneath. Ray of 12 to 20 florets . ; . §&. S. paludosus. 
Leaves glabrous. Ray of 5 to 8 florets 9. S. saracenicus. 
Involucres of a single row of bracts, without small outer ones. 
Leaves entire or obtusely toothed. 
Annual or biennial. Leaves downy. Achenes glabrous, 
strongly ribbed ; 10. 8. palustris. 
Rootstock perennial. Leaves loosely cottony underne: ith, 
Achenes cottony ; the ribs scarcely prominent . ‘ . ll. S. campestris. 
Several exotic species are much cultivated for ornament, especially 
the double-flowering S. elegans from the Cape, S. Cineraria from the 
shores of the Mediterranean, and the numerous varieties of one or two 
Canary Island species, known to our gardeners as greenhouse Cinerarias. 
1.8. vulgaris, Linn. (fig. 542). Growndsel.—An erect, branching 
annual, from 6 inches to near a foot high, glabrous or bearing a little 
loose, cottony wool. Leaves pinnatifid, with ovate, toothed or jagged 
lobes, Flower-heads in close terminal corymbs or clusters. Involucres 
cylindrical, of about 20 equal bracts, with several outer smaller ones, 
Florets almost always all tubular, with very rarely any ray whatever. 
Achenes slightly hairy. 
A very common weed of cultivation throughout Europe and Russian 
Asia, but not extending into the tropics, and less disposed than many 
others to migrate with man. Abundant in Britain. Fl. all the year 
round. [A variety, radiata, Koch, with minute rays to the outer florets, 
is found in the Channel Islands. ] 
2. S. viscosus, Linn. (fig. 543). Viscous S.—A coarser, harder, and 
taller annual than S. vulgaris, and covered all over with a short, 
viscous, strong-smelling down, the leaves more deeply divided, with 
narrower, more jagged lobes, the flower-heads rather thicker, with more 
florets, and on longer peduncles, forming a loose, terminal corymb. 
Outer scales of the involucre usually but 2 or 3, and nearly half as long 
as the inner ones, of which there are about 20. Outer florets ligulate, | 
but small, spreading when fresh, but soon withering and rolled back 
so as at first sight to escape observation. Achenes glabrous. 
In waste places, over a great part of Europe, but not common, and 
does not extend so far eastward or northward as S. vulgaris. Scattered 
over various parts of England, southern Scotland, and Ireland, but very 
local, and seldom abundant. Fl. summer and autumn. | 
3. S. sylvaticus, Linn. (fig. 544). Wood S.—An annual, with the 
foliage much like that of S, vulgaris, but a taller and weaker plant, 
sometimes 2 feet high or more, slightly downy, or nearly glabrous, 
not so viscid nor so strong-smelling as S. viscosus. Flower-heads rather 
numerous, in a loose corymb, the involucres cylindrical, of from 12 to 
15 equal bracts, with the outer ones very minute or wanting. Outer 
florets usually ligulate, but small and rolled back as in S, viscosus, and — 
