Doronicum. | XLITI. COMPOSITZ, 247 
XXII. DORONICUM. DORONIC. 
Herbs, with perennial, often creeping stocks, long-stalked, broad 
radical leaves, and erect flower-stems, bearing a few undivided, alternate _ 
leaves, and one, or but few, rather large, yellow, radiating flower-heads. 
Involucres hemispherical, with linear bracts of equal length. Achenes 
and florets of Senecio, except that the achenes of the ray have no 
pappus. 
A small genus, extending over central and southern Europe and 
western Asia, but chiefly restricted to mountain districts. 
Radical leaves deeply cordate. Stems usually with 3 to 5 
flower-heads : : ‘ ‘ . : P - : . 1, D. Pardalianches, 
Radical leaves narrowed or rounded at the hbase. Stems 
usually with 1 flower-head ; ‘ , ; : 
1. D. Pardalianches, Linn. (fig, 553). Leopard’s-bane.—Rootstock 
more or less creeping, often woolly at the crown. Radical leaves 
broadly ovate and deeply cordate at the base. Stems about 2 feet 
high, with but few leaves, mostly ovate; the lower ones stalked, but 
embracing the stem by a broadly dilated base ; the upper ones small, 
sessile or embracing the stem. Flower-heads generally 3 to 5, on long, 
leafless peduncles ; the yellow rays numerous, and narrow. : 
In woods, and mountain pastures, in central Europe, frequently culti- 
vated in cottage gardens, and readily spreads in their vicinity. In 
Britain, only as an outcast from gardens, but apparently well established 
in several parts of England and southern Scotland. Fl. spring and early 
summer. | 
2. D. plantagineum, Linn. (fig. 554). Plantain D.—Differs from 
D. Pardalianches chiefly in the radical leaves, which are never cordate, 
usually narrowed or wedge-shaped at the base, and rather strongly 
marked with 3 or 5 ribs; the stem-leaves narrower than in D. Parda- 
lianches ; and the flower-head solitary on a long terminal peduncle, or 
very rarely, when very luxuriant, the stem bears 2 or 3 heads. 
In open, sandy woods, in central and southern Europe, from the 
Atlantic to the eastern frontier, extending in France considerably to 
the northward of Paris. In Britain, like the last species, only as an 
escape from cultivation. Fl. spring and early summer. Both the species 
vary, either glabrous or hairy, and with their leaves entire or irregu- 
larly toothed. 
2. D, plantagineuni. 
XXII. ARCTIUM. BURDOCK. 
A single species, distinguished as a genus from Carduus by the foliage, 
by the bracts of the involucre ending in a long, stiff point hooked at the 
extremity, and by the short, stiff pappus. 
1. A. Lappa, Linn. (fig. 555). Common Burdock.—A stout, branch- 
ing, erect biennial, 8 to 5 feet high, the lower heart-shaped leaves very 
large, sometimes attaining 14 feet in length by a foot in breadth; the 
upper ones much smaller, and broadly ovate; all green and nearly 
glabrous above, often covered with a short, white, cottony down under- 
neath, bordered by minute teeth, but not prickly. Flower-heads in 
terminal panicles. Involucres nearly globular, glabrous or covered with 
a loose, white, cottony wool, catching at anything they come in contact 
with by the hooked points of their numerous bracts. Florets purple, 
