Leontodon.] XLII. COMPOSITA. 259 
erect, usually with 1 or 2 single-headed branches, having sometimes 
1 or 2 narrow, nearly entire leaves near the base; the branches or 
peduncles nearly glabrous, bearing a few small scales. Involucres 
oblong, tapering at the base into the enlarged summit of the peduncle, 
glabrous in the common variety, with closely appressed, imbricated 
bracts. Achenes long, striate, and transversely wrinkled, tapering 
into a short beak, scarcely perceptible in the outer ones. Pappus 
brown and feathery, without the short, outer hairs of Z. hispidus. 
Apargia autumnalis, Willd. 
In meadows, pastures, and waste places, throughout Europe and 
Russian Asia, from the Mediterranean to the Arctic regions. Abundant 
all over Britain. J. summer and autumn. L. pratensis, Koch. (Apargia 
Taraxaci, Horn.), isa northern or alpine variety of dwarf stature, with the 
flower-stems often simple, and rather large flower-heads, the summit of 
the peduncle much enlarged, and the involucre more or less covered 
with black hairs. Not unfrequent in the Scotch Highlands. The true 
LL. Taraxaci, from the alps of central Europe, is quite a distinct plant. 
3. L. hirtus, Linn. (fig. 584). Lesser H.—Usually a smaller plant than 
. the last two, and glabrous, or with a few stiff, mostly forked hairs on 
the leaves and lower part of the peduncles. Leaves oblong or linear, 
coarsely toothed, sinuate or shortly pinnatifid. Peduncles seldom above 
6 inches high, with a single rather small head of bright yellow flowers. 
Involucres green, glabrous, thickening at the base after flowering, con- 
sisting of 10 or 12 nearly equal bracts, with several small imbricated 
ones at the base. Achenes of the outer row curved, slightly tapering 
at the top, with a very short, scaly pappus; the others like those of Z. 
hispidus. Thrincia hirta, Roth. 
In rather dry open pastures, moors, and waste places in central and 
southern Europe, scarcely extending to its eastern limits, or northward 
to the Baltic. Very common in England and [reland, but found only 
in the south-east of Scotland. Fl. summer. 
XXXII. HYPOCHGERIS. HYPOCHCRE. 
Annuals or perennials, with the habit and pappus of Leontodon, but 
more frequently branched ; the involucres rather more imbricated, and 
there are a few chaffy scales on the receptacle between the florets, at 
least among the inner ones. 
More numerous in species than Leontodon, it has also a wider geo- 
graphical range, extending over Europe, Russian Asia, North America, 
and western and southern South America. 
Involucres oblong, nearly glabrous. 
Florets scarcely longer than the involucres. Outer achenes 
usually without a beak . x hs Rage 6 glabi ‘Cl. 
Florets longer than the involucres. All the achenes ending in 
a slender beak : ‘ ‘ : ‘ . H, vadicata. 
Involucres large, hemispherical, and hairy : : : ay H. maculata. 
1. H. glabra, Linn. (fig. 585), Glabrous ae sai aes resembles H. 
radicata, but is a smaller plant, with an annual root, and quite glabrous ; 
_the stems seldom attain a foot in height, with much smaller flow er- heads, 
although the involucres become much elongated after flowering. The 
achenes are similarly wrinkled, and have ‘the same feathery pappus, 
