Crepis. } XLITI. COMPOSITA. 265 
chiefly radical and pinnatifid, with a large, terminal, coarsely toothed 
lobe, and small ones along the stalk. Stems erect, 1 to 2 feet high, 
bearing a few small, narrow leaves. Flower-heads smaller than in C. 
fetida, forming a loose, terminal, flat corymb. Involucres scarcely 
hairy, the outer bracts much shorter than the inner ones, lanceolate, 
and more or less membranous and whitish on the edges. Achenes all 
terminated by a slender beak about the length of the achene itself. 
Barkhausia taraxacifolia, Moench. 
In rather dry pastures and wet places, in central and especially 
southern Europe, and eastward to the Caucasus, not extending into 
northern Germany. In Britain, chiefly in limestone districts of southern 
England, but extending to Yorkshire; rather more frequent than C. 
fetida, but frequently confounded with that plant or with C. biennis. 
Fl. summer. 
2. ©. foetida, Linn. (fig. 597). Fettd C.--A slight hairy annual or 
biennial, seldom a foot high, with a few spreading branches. Radical 
leaves irregularly pinnatifid, with short lobes, the terminal ones varying 
from broadly triangular to narrow-oblong ; the stem-leaves narrow, the 
lower slightly pinnatifid, the upper entire or toothed. Flower-heads 
few, on long peduncles, usually recurved after flowering. Involucres 
hairy, the outer bracts small, and very narrow. The beak of the outer 
achenes is very short, often scarcely distinct, whilst that of the inner 
ones is long and slender, carrying up the whole pappus above the tips 
of the involucral bracts. Barkhausia fetida, Moench. 
In rather dry pastures and waste places, in southern Europe to the 
Caucasus, becomes rare farther north. In Britain only in some of the 
southern and eastern counties of England. Fl. summer. 
3. C. virens, Linn. (fig. 598). Smooth C.—An erect or ascending, 
‘branched annual or biennial, from 1 to 3 feet high, usually glabrous or 
nearly so. Leaves linear or lanceolate, toothed or pinnatifid, with 
triangular or narrow, but short lobes; the radical ones stalked, the 
upper ones clasping the stem by pointed, spreading auricles. Flower- 
heads small, in loose, often leafy panicles. Involucres often slightly 
hispid, and become conical after flowering ; the outer bracts narrow- 
linear, and rather close. Achenes narrow-oblong, very slightly con- 
tracted at the top, but not beaked, and generally shorter than the 
pappus, although a few in the same head may be much longer than the 
rest, and longer than their own pappus. 
In pastures, on dry banks, roadsides, and waste places, throughout 
western and central Europe, from Scandinavia to the Mediterranean ; 
farther east apparently replaced by C. tectorum. One of the commonest 
of the British Ligulate. Fl. the whole summer and autumn. It varies 
much in stature and in the size and number of the flower-heads, but 
they are always smaller than in any other British species. 
4. C. biennis, Linn. (fig. 599). ough C.—A taller and stouter 
plant than C. virens, more frequently biennial, less branched from the 
base, but forming a broad, terminal corymb of rather larger flower- 
heads; the leaves more or ‘less rough with short, stiff hairs; and the 
outer bracts of the involucre broader, with a whitish, membranous 
edge. In this respect it resembles the larger forms of C. taraxacifolia, 
but the achenes have the ribs much smoother, and although narrowed 
at the top, they do not bear the long, slender beak of that species 
