266 THE COMPOSITE FAMILY. 
and there are often long and short ones in the same head as C. 
VUrens. 
In similar situations with the last three, dispersed over temperate 
Europe, from Sweden to the Mediterranean. Rare in Britain, and 
often confounded with C. virens, or with C. taraxacifolia, but found 
in the central and eastern counties of England, and in Aberdeenshire, 
and Dublin, Fl. summer. 
5. ©. hieracioides, Jacq. (fig. 600). Mawkweed C.—Like C. paludosa, 
this has much the habit of a Hieractum, but the pappus is almostas 
white and soft as in other species of Crepis. It is an erect, scarcely 
branched perennial, a foot high or rather more, glabrous or slightly — 
hairy. Leaves entire or with a few minute teeth; the radical and 
lower obovate-oblong, on long stalks; the upper few, narrow, and clasp- 
ing the stem. Flower-heads few, in a loose corymb, like those of C. 
paludosa, but the achenes are finely striate, with about 20 ribs. C. 
succiscefolia, Tausch. 
In meadows and pastures, chiefly in mountain districts, all across 
central Europe, from the Pyrenees to the Russian frontier, not extend- 
ing into Scandinavia. In Britain, in a few localities, in Scotland, and 
northern England, extending from Yorkshire to Banff. Fl. swmmer 
and autumn. | 
6. C. paludosa, Mcench. (fig. 601). Marsh C.--This species has 
almost as much the habit and characters of Hieractum, with which 
Linnzeus associated it, as of Crepis, to which it is referred by modern 
botanists. It is an erect, scarcely branched perennial, but of short 
duration, and nearly glabrous, 1 to 2 feet high. Radical leaves ovate, 
coarsely toothed, with a few small lobes along the stalk; the stem- 
leaves from broadly oblong to lanceolate, pointed, toothed, especially 
in the lower part, and clasping the stem by rather large, pointed 
auricles. Flower-heads yellow, rather large, in corymbs of 8 or 10; 
the involucres more or less hairy with black, spreading hairs. The 
pappus is of a dirty white, almost like that of a Hieracium, but the 
achenes are distinctly contracted at the top as in Crepis, and marked 
with 10 ribs or striz. 
In moist, shady situations, in northern Europe, and all across 
Russian Asia, becoming a mountain plant in southern Europe. Extends 
all over Scotland, and southward into the central counties of England, 
and into South Wales; found also in north Ireland. Fl. summer and 
autumn. 
ee 
XXXVITI. HIERACIUM. HAWKWEED. 
Herbs, with a perennial stock, entire or toothed leaves, and yellow or 
rarely orange-red flower-heads, either on leafless radical peduncles, or 
in terminal corymbs or panicles on leafy stems. Involucre more or less © 
imbricated. Receptacle without scales. Achenes angular or striated, — 
not narrowed at the top; with a pappus of simple, generally stiff hairs, 
of a tawny-white or brownish colour. 
A rather numerous European and north Asiatic genus, with a few 
American species, very nearly allied to Crepis, but the achenes are not 
perceptibly contracted at the top, and the hairs of the pappus are 
