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Hieracium.] XLII. COMPOSITA, 967 
usually stiffer and never so white. The habit is also different, with 
the exception of a few species, which are also intermediate in more 
essential characters. Most of the species are very variable, and 
specimens are frequently found intermediate between some of the 
commonest ones. In the attempt to classify these forms, and to give 
greater exactness to their definitions, modern botanists have distributed 
them into a large number of supposed species, amounting to 33 for 
Britain alone ; but the difficulty of distinguishing them appears only 
to increase with their subdivision. 
Peduncles radical, bearing a single flower-head. 
Peduncles leafless. Stems creeping. Leaves white under- 
neath. Flower-heads pale yellow 1. HW, Pilosetla. 
Peduncles or flower-stems with 1 or more narrow leaves. No 
creeping stems. Leaves not white. Flower-heads large, 
bright yellow. 
Radical leaves ovate. Involucres with short hairs 
Radical leaves narrow. Involucres with long hairs 
Flowering-stems with more than one flower-head. 
Radical leaves mostly persistent at the time of flowering. Stem- 
leaves one or few. Outer involucral bracts few and short. 
Stem-leaves ovate and toothed, or small and narrow, 
stalked or sessile, scarcely stem- -clasping . 3. 7. murorwm. 
Stem-leaves 1 or 2, entir e, glaucous, Se the stem with 
broad rounded auricles . 4. H, cervathoides. 
No radical leaves at the time of ‘flowering. Stem leafy. ‘Outer 
involucral bracts imbricated. 
Upper stem-leaves sessile or shortly stalked, not clasping 
the stem. 
Upper stem-leaves all tapering at the base, yee 
narrow 5. H. wnbellatuir. 
Upper stem- leaves short and broad, rounded at the base. 6. H. sabaudum. 
Upper stem-leaves clasping the stem. 
Auricles of the stem-leaves short and rounded. 
Stem-leaves several, ciliate. Pappus dirty-white . . 7. A. prenanthoides. 
Stem-leaves very few, glabrous. ae very white 
and soft . Crepis hieracioides. 
Auricles of the stem-leaves long and very pointed, or 
angular 5 2 : : Crepis paludosa. 
1. H. Pilosella, Linn. (fig. 602). Alouse-ear H.—Stock perennial, 
with spreading tufts of radical leaves, and creeping, leafy, barren 
shoots. Leaves much smaller than in the other British species, oblong 
or lanceolate, entire, tapering at the base, and often stalked, green 
above with a few long hairs, white underneath with a short stellate 
down. Peduncles radical, with a single head of lemon-coloured 
flowers, often tinged with red on the outside. Involucres and upper 
part of the peduncle more or less clothed with a minute and close 
whitish down, mixed with short, stiff, spreading black hairs. Achenes 
shorter in proportion to the pappus than in the other species. 
In dry pastures, on banks and roadsides, throughout Europe and 
Russian Asia, from the Mediterranean to the Arctic regions. Very 
common in Britain. Fl. the whole season. In southern Europe it is 
very variable, but in Britain presents no difficulties. The only other 
species with creeping runners ever admitted into our Floras is H. 
aurantiacum, L., a native of the mountains of southern Europe, which 
may have spread out of cottage gardens, but is not naturalised; it 
has radical peduncles, bearing a corymb of small orange-red flower- 
heads. 
. Hf. muroruin. 
. alpinum. 
bo Oo 
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