| HMieracium.|] d XLIII. COMPOSIT A, , 269 
clasping the stem with broad, rounded auricles, and the radical leaves 
are usually remarkably obovate. //. anglicum, Fries. 
In western Europe, chiefly in the Pyrenees, more doubtfully extend- 
ing to the western Alps and Corsica, A very doubtful British plant. 
The only specimens I have seen which really resemble the Pyrenean 
ones (in the dried state at least) are from the mountains of the west 
and north of Ireland. The Scotch and English and most of the Irish 
ones so denominated are usually varieties of H. murorum or of H. sabau- 
dum. [This, the //, cerinthoides of Backhouse, is regarded by critical 
authors, though not by Bentham, as different from the Continental 
(Linnzan) cerinthoides, and is called H. anglicum by Fries. ] 
5. H. umbellatum, Linn. (fig. 606). Umbellate H.-—The perennial 
stock only forms buds in the autumn, which do not expand into a tuft 
Of spreading leaves as in //. murorum, but in the following year grow 
out into a leafy, erect, rigid stem, 1 to 3 feet high. Radical leaves, if 
any, few and withering away before the time of flowering. Stem-leaves 
from narrow-lanceolate to oblong, coarsely toothed or nearly entire ; the 
_lower ones stalked, and all tapering at the base. -Flower-heacs rather 
numerous, on rather short lateral branches towards the summit of the 
stem, several of which usually (but not always) start from so nearly the 
same point so as to form an irregular umbel, and there are often many 
others lower down in the axils of the upper leaves. Involucres and 
peduncles glabrous or shortly downy. Leaves glabrous or hairy under- 
neath; the stems usually more or less clothed at the base with long 
loose hairs. Scales of the involucre more regularly imbricated than in 
A. murorum, the outer ones usually spreading at the tips. 
In woods and stony places or banks, throughout Europe and temperate 
Asia, from the Mediterranean to the Arctic regions. Very common in 
Britain. FU. late summer, and autumn. 
_ 6, H. sabaudum, Linn. (fig. 607). Savoy H.—Although intermediate 
forms between this species and the last may occasionally be found, yet 
they are in most cases easily distinguished. H. sabaudum, though 
stout and equally tall with H. wmbellatum, is less rigid and more hairy ; 
the leaves larger, broader, and more toothed, the upper ones shorter, 
always rounded at the base, and sometimes almost clasping the stem ; 
and the flowering branches form a loose corymb, and never an umbel. 
From H. murorum it is distinguished by the more leafy stem, without 
radical leaves at the time of flowering, and by the more regularly im- 
bricated involucres. H. boreale, Fr. 
In woods, under hedges, and in shady places, especially in hilly dis- 
tricts in Europe, extending eastward to the confines of Siberia, and 
probably still farther into Asia, and northward to the Arctic regions. 
Distributed over the greater part of Pritain, but not so frequent as H. 
umbellatum, and especially as H.murorum. Fl. late summer, and autumn. 
[H. sabaudum, Smith, is regarded by most botanists, though not by 
Bentham, as different from the Linnean sabaudum.] 
7. H. prenanthoides, Vill. (fig. 608). Prenanth H.—Very near H. 
sabaudum, but the stem-leaves are usually long, lanceolate, and slightly 
narrowed near the base, and always clasp the stem by rounded auricles, 
and even the stalks of the lower leaves are expanded at the base into 
the same stem-clasping auricles. The involucres and peduncles have 
