270 THE COMPOSITE FAMILY. 
usually more of the short, black, glandular hairs, intermingled with the 
minute down than either Z. sabaudum or Hf, umbellatum. 
In woods, shady places, and rich pastures, and on the banks of 
streams, in northern Hurope and the mountain districts of central 
Europe, and north and west Asia, and the Himalayas. Rare in the 
Highlands of Scotland, and in Wicklow county in Ireland, very doubt- 
fully extending into England. fl. late summer, or autumn. 
XXXIX. CICHORIUM. CHICORY. 
Perennials, with the leaves mostly radical, stiff branching stems, and 
sessile heads of blue flowers. Involucres oblong. Achenes crowned. by 
a ring of minute erect scales. 
Besides the British species, the genus only includes the garden 
Endive, supposed to be a native of India, but it is very doubtful if it 
be wild even there, and it may be a mere cultivated variety of C. 
Intybus, which yields the chicory of commerce. 
1. C. Intybus, Linn. (fig. 609). Suecory or Chicory.—Perennial stock 
descending into a long tap-root. Stems more or less hispid, 1 to 2 or 
even 3 feet high. Radical leaves spreading on the ground, and, as well 
as the lower stem-leaves, more or less hairy and pinnatifid, with a 
large terminal lobe and smaller lateral ones, all pointed and coarsely 
toothed ; the upper leaves small, less cut, embracing the stem by 
pointed auricles. Flower-heads in closely sessile clusters of 2 or 3 
along the stiff spreading branches, and 1 or 2 terminal ones. Involucres 
of about 8 inner bracts and a few outer ones about half their length ; 
the florets large, of a bright blue. Achenes smooth or scarcely ribbed, 
closely packed in the hard dry base of the involucre. 
In dry wastes, on roadsides, and borders of fields, over the greater 
part of Europe and Asia, stopping only short of the Arctic regions on 
the one side, and the tropics on the other. Not uncommon in some 
parts of England and Ireland, but rare in Scotland. Fl. summer and 
autunn. 
eee eee 
XL. ARNOSERIS. ARNOSERIS. 
A single species, distinguished as a genus from Lapsana, as having a 
different habit, and the achenes crowned with a minute raised border ; 
and more naturally associated by older botanists with Myoseris, a 
Continental genus, in which the achenes have a pappus of chaffy scales 
or bristles. 
1. A. pusilla, Geertn. (fig. 610). Dwarf A., Lamb’s or Swine’s Succory. 
—Leaves all radical, obovate or oblong, toothed, and glabrous or nearly 
so. Flower-stalks 4 to 8 inches high, slightly branched and leafless ; 
the erect branches or peduncles enlarged and hollow upwards, each — 
bearing a small head of yellow flowers. ; 
In dry, sandy or gravelly fields, in northern and central Europe, but — 
not an Arctic plant, and apparently rare in the south. Dispersed locally — 4 
over the eastern counties of England and Scotland, but not reporceag . 
from Ireland. Fl. summer. 3 a 
