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Lapsane.] XLII, COMPOSIT. 271 
XLI. LAPSANA. LAPSANE. 
Leafy annual, with small yellow flower-heads. Achenes without any 
pappus or border whatever. 
A genus of few species spread over the northern hemisphere. 
1. L. communis, Linn. (fig. 611). Nipplewort.—Stem 1 to 2 or 3 
feet high, with a few stiff hairs at the base, branched and glabrous 
upwards. Leaves thin and usually hairy ; the lower ones ovate, coarsely 
toothed, with a few smaller lobes along the stalks; the upper ones 
small, narrow, and entire. Flower-heads on slender peduncles, in a 
loose panicle or corymb. Involucre about 3 lines long, of about 8 
nearly equal scales of a glaucous green, with a few very small outer 
ones. Achenes slightly compressed, with numerous longitudinal nerves. 
A common weed in waste and cultivated places, throughout Europe 
and Russian Asia, except the extreme north. Extends over Britain, 
except the northern extremity of Scotland. Fl. summer and autumn. 
XLIV. CAMPANULACEH. CAMPANULA FAMILY. 
Herbs, with alternate, entire or toothed leaves, without 
stipules; the flowers most commonly blue or white, either 
distinct, or collected into heads with a general involucre. 
Calyx adhering to the ovary, with a free border of 5 teeth or 
lobes, sometimes very narrow and almost reduced to bristles. 
Corolla inserted within the lobes of the calyx, regular or irre- 
gular, with 5 teeth or lobes. Stamens 5, inserted within the 
corolla at its base, but otherwise free from it. Anthers dis- 
tinct, or rarely cohering in a ring round the style. Style 
single, with an entire or divided stigma. Ovary and capsule 
inferior, divided into from 2 to 5 cells, with several seeds in 
each (or, in a very few exotic species, reduced to 1 seed). 
A rather large family, widely spread over the temperate regions of 
both hemispheres, especially the northern one, and crossing the tropics 
chiefly in mountainous districts. The insertion of the stamens within 
the base of the corolla, and not upon its tube, is peculiar, among British 
Monopetals, to this Order and to Fricacce ; and from the latter, Cam- 
panulacee are easily known by their herbaceous stems, and the number of 
stamens always equal to, never double, that of the lobes of the corolla. 
Corolla very irregular, tee open on the upper side. Anthers 
closely cohering : ‘ ; : : - : . 1. LOBEL, 
Corolla regular or nearly so. Anthers free or cohering at the base 
ate 
Segments of the corolla deep and narrow-linear. Flowers in 
heads or dense spikes. 
_ Anthers united in a ring at the base. Heads small, hemi- 
spherical : : : . . 2. JASIONE. 
Anthers distinct. Flower-buds cylindrical, curved. Heads 
globular or elongated . : : i , . oo. PHYTEUMA. 
Lobes of the corolla broad and short ‘ i : : ; : . CAMPANULA. 
