THE CAMPANULA FAMILY. 
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IV. CAMPANULA. CAMPANULA. 
Flowers in panicles, racemes, or spikes, sometimes contracted into 
short leafy heads, or rarely solitary. Corolla regular or nearly so, bell- 
shaped, broadly tubular or rotate, with 5 broad or lanceolate lobes. 
Anthers distinct. Style 2-, 3-, or 5-cleft at the top. Capsule crowned 
by the teeth or lobes of the calyx, and opening laterally or at the top. 
A numerous genus, widely spread over the globe, chiefly in the northern 
hemisphere or in the mountuin-ranges of the hotter regions, with a few 
extratropical southern species. Taken as a whole, it is a natural and — 
readily recognised group, but diversities in the opening of the capsule, 
and minor points, have induced botanists to subdivide it into three or 
more separate genera. Their characters are, however, so little in accord 
with their general habit, that, in a local Flora, they may be more con- 
veniently considered as sub-genera or sections. 
Calyx-tube and capsule long and narrow. Corolla rotate 
(SPECULARIA) : : . 9 C. hybrida, 
Calyx-tube short and broad. Cor olla bell- -shaped. ) 
. Delicate, prostrate plant, with nearly orbicular, angularly 
toothed leaves. Capsule opening at the top Wy geet 
BERGIA) : 8. C. hederacéea. — 
Stems erect or ascending. Upper leaves narrow or pointed 
Capsule opening at the sides. (CAMPANULA proper.) 
Stem-leaves linear or linear lanceolate, entire or nearly so. 
Lobes of the corolla as long or nearly as long as the tube. 
Annual or biennial, with slender spreading branches and 
few flowers. The corolla rather large and very open. 6. C. patula. 
Erect, stiff perennial, with long racemes of rather small 
flowers . 5. C, Rapunculus. 
Lobes of the corolla consid erably shorter than the tube . 7 C. rotundiolia. 
Stem-leaves ovate lanceolate or heart-shaped and toothed. 
Fiowers two or more together in the upper axils or in ter- 
minal heads or clusters. 
Flowers closely sessile, in compact heads _ J . , . 1. C. glomerata. 
Flowers shortly stalked, in rather loose clusters . C. Trachelium, 
Flowers growing singly in the upper axils or in a simple 
terminal raceme. 
Flowers (middle-sized) in a long terminal raceme, with 
short floral leaves - 4, C. rapunculoides, 
Flowers few and large, the Jower ones in the axils of *4 
leaves longer than themselves. 
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Lower stem-leaves stalked, but tapering at the base . 8. C. latifolia. 
Lower stem-leaves stalked, and heart-shaped at the \ 
base . i d : : ‘ : ; ‘ . 2. C. Trachelium. 
Many species of Campanula have long been garden favourites for the 
beauty of their flowers; such are the Canterbury-bell (C. medium), C. 
pyramidalis, betonicefolia, garganica, carpathica, persicifolia, &c. . The 
latter species widely distributed over the Continent, and northern Asia, 
and, easily maintaining itself when once planted, has been inserted in 
our Floras, but it has not anywhere spread permanently. 
1. ©. glomerata, Linn. (fig. 617). Clustered C. — Rootstock short, 
more or less creeping. Stem firm, erect, a foot high or rather more, 
and hairy. Radical and lower leaves stalked ; the remainder sessile, 
broadly lanceclate, clasping the stem by their cordate base, and roughly 
hairy. Flowers sessile in small clusters in the upper leaves, the upper — 
ones forming a compact leafy head. Corolla blue, about half an inch ~ 
long or rather longer. Capsules short and broad, crowned by the 
