276 THE CAMPANULA FAMILY. 
corolla divided to about the middle into 5 lanceolate segments, but 
not near so large nor so open as in C. patula. Capsule short and erect, 
opening in small lateral clefts close under the narrow-linear segments | 
of the calyx. 
On banks, roadsides, and open pastures, in central and southern 
Europe to the Caucasus, becoming scarcer farther north, and in many 
places probably only escaped from cultivation. In Britain it used to 
be commonly raised in kitchen gardens for its tuberous roots, and it is 
uncertain whether it should be held as a true native in those localities 
in southern England where it is now established. Fl. swmmer. 
6. C. patula, Linn. (fig. 622). Spreading C.—An erect, but rather 
slender annual or biennial, about a foot high, and slightly hairy, with 
spreading branches. Radical leaves obovate or oblong and stalked ; 
the stem ones few, narrow-lanceolate or linear, nearly entire. Flowers 
few, rather larger than in C. rotundzfolia, in a spreading panicle; the 
_ corolla much more open, of a more purplish colour, and divided to 
the middle into 5 broad, pointed lobes. Capsule obconical, erect, 
and opening in short clefts close under the long, linear segments of 
the calyx. 
Under hedges, on banks, and in bushy pastures, over the whole of 
Europe, except the extreme north, extending to the Caucasus and to 
the Ural. In Britain, chiefiy confined to the central and southern 
counties of England. "Fl. summer. 
7. ©. rotundifolia, Linn. (fig. 623). J//arebell.—A perennial, with 
a slender, creeping rootstock, often very intricate ; the radical leaves, 
which mostly die away at the time of flowering, orbicular or heart- 
shaped ; those of the stem all narrow-lanceolate or linear, and entire. 
Stems ascending or erect, 6 to 18 inches high, often branched, with a 
few elegantly drooping blue flowers in a loose raceme or panicle, or 
sometimes solitary. Corolla bell-shaped, with 5 broad lobes much 
shorter than the tube. Capsule ovoid or globular, pendulous, and 
opening by short clefts close to the base. 
In hilly pastures, on heaths, banks, and roadsides, the commonest 
species in Europe and Russian Asia, from the Mediterranean to the 
Arctic Circle, and ascending to great elevations ; also common in the 
northern United States and Canada. Abundant all over Britain. 7. 
summer and autumn. 
8. C. hederacea, Linn. (fig. 624). Ivy C.—A little graceful, prostrate 
perennial, with very slender, thread-like branches, and small delicate 
leaves, mostly orbicular, or broadly heart-shaped, with a few broad, 
angular teeth. Flowers on long filiform peduncles, drooping in the 
bud, nearly erect when fully out, and often drooping again as the 
fruit ripens. Corolla not half an inch long, narrow-bell shaped, ~ 
of a delicate pale-bluish purple. Capsule almost globular, opening 
in 3 valves at the top between the calycine teeth, on which account 
the species is placed by modern botanists in the genus Wahlenbergia, 
Schrad. 
In moist, shady pastures, and woods, chiefly along rills and banks. — 
Abundant in the extreme west of Europe, extending through central 
France, eastward to the Rhine. In Britain, common in south-eastern 
Ireland and western and southern England, as far north as the Isle of — 
Man, and more sparingly in the east, from Sussex in the south to — 
