290 “THE PRIMROSE FAMILY. Pinal 
and the absence of folds usually to be seen in the orifice of the corolla 
in the Primrose and Cowslip, a Continental plant occurring in some of 
the eastern counties of England; but the distinctness is scarcely 
proved satisfactorily. 
2, P. farinosa, Linn. (fig. 652). Bird’s-eye P.—Stock tufted as in 
the last, but the leaves much smaller, often not an inch long, glabrous 
above, and usually covered underneath with a white, mealy, minute 
down, also observable on the peduncle and calyx, and only disappear- 
ing on a few very luxuriant specimens grown in the shade. Peduncle 
much longer than the leaves, with a compact umbel of small pale-lilac 
flowers, with a yellow eye; the lobes of the corolla rather narrow, and 
deeply notched. 
In mountain pastures, in all the great mountain-ranges of Europe and 
Asia, penetrating far into the Arctic regions; found also in Greenland 
and the northern United States. Not uncommon in northern England, 
more rare in Scotland, but not recorded from Ireland, A small form 
from northern Scotland, with broader leaves, and shorter and broader 
lobes to the corolla, is the P. scotica, Hook. 
IlJ. CYCLAMEN. CYCLAMEN. 
Perennials, with a globular, tuberous rootstock, and radical leaves, 
and 1-flowered peduncles. Calyx 5-lobed. Corolla with a campanu- — 
late tube, and 5 lobes closely reflexed over the calyx. Capsule globular, 
opening in 5 valves. 
A very distinct genus, comprising but few species, from southern 
Europe and western Asia, many of which are in cultivation. 
1. ©. europseum, Linn. (fig. 653). Common C., Sowbread.—Rootstock 
forming a tuber, varying from 4 to near 2 inches in diameter, according 
to age and station. Leaves on long stalks, heart-shaped, more or less 
angular and toothed; often of a purple or violet colour underneath. 
Peduncles radical, spirally rolled inwards after flowering, so as to bury 
the capsules in the earth. Flower rather large, white or rose-coloured, 
fragrant or scentless, drooping from the summit of the peduncle, with 
the oval or oblong lobes of the corolla turned upwards. C. hedereefolium, 
Willd. 
In woods, on banks, and under rocks, in southern Europe and western 
- Asia, and, having been long cultivated in flower-gardens, has established 
itself in a few localities in Kent and Sussex. Fl.autumn. In its native 
country it varies much in foliage, in the precise shape of the orifice of 
the tube and of the lobes of the corolla, as well as in the time of 
flowering; and it is believed that two at least of the supposed species 
founded upon these differences have been gathered in England appar- 
ently wild. 3 
IV. LYSIMACHIA. LYSIMACHIA. 
Perennials, with erect or trailing stems, opposite or whorled leaves ; 
the flowers usually yellow, either solitary on axillary pedicels or collected 
in terminal or rarely axillary racemes or clusters. Calyx deeply 5-cleft. — 
Corolla rotate or campanulate, deeply 5-lobed. Stamens 5. Capsule 
opening in 5 or 10 valves. Occasionally the parts of the flower are in 
sixes instead of fives. +8 
