312 THE BORAGE FAMILY. 
Don., which is more hairy, with narrower lobes to the calyx, reacitilens 
to about the middle; and MM. cespitosa, Schultz, with a smaller corolla, 
with the limb often slighty concave ; the first is more common in the 
south, the last in the north, but they all three run so much one into 
another as not to be distinguishable with certainty even as varieties. 
2. M. sylvatica, Hoffm. (fig. 700). Wood M.—A perennial, like M. 
palustris, but with a more tufted stock, and rather roughly hairy. Calyx 
cleft nearly to.the base, with narrow segments, erect when in fruit ; its 
hairs more or less spreading, and crisped or hooked when seen through 
alens. Corolla as large as or even larger than in the M. palustris, with | 
the limb spread out flat. 
In mountain pastures and shady situations, common in the far north 
of Europe and Asia, as well as in the great central chains from the | 
Pyrenees to the Caucasus and the Altai. Not frequent in Britain, nor 
occurring north of Forfarshire. Fl. summer. It varies much in size 
and stature ; in lower shady situations, and in our gardens, the stems 
will attain a foot or more in length, with rather small flowers. The 
alpine form, with larger flowers, is by some distinguished as a species, 
under the name of ™. alpestris, Schmidt. It is extremely rare, and 
confined to the high mountains of Perthshire, Teesdale, and Westmore- 
land. 
3. M. arvensis, Hoffm. (fig. 701). eld M.—An annual or some- 
times biennial, with a weak stem often above a foot long. It has the 
hairy foliage and deeply cleft calyx of M. sylvatica, but the corolla, 
although variable, is much smaller, with a short concave limb. Calyx 
shorter than the pedicels, or scarcely so long even when in fruit, with 
narrow segments, erect when in fruit. 
On hedge-banks, in cultivated ground, the edges of woods, and 
bushy places, throughout Europe and central and northern Asia, and 
in North America. The most common species all over Britain. Fl. 
all summer and autumn. Some of the large-flowered specimens are 
difficult to distinguish in the dried state from the smaller-flowered. 
ones of M. sylvatica, but when fresh I have never observed any really 
intermediate forms. 
4, M. collina, Hoffm. (fig. 702), Harly M.—A low, much branched, 
hairy annual, seldom attaining 6 inches; the leaves mostly collected 
in radical tufts, with a few at the base of the flowering branches, 
which consist chiefly of the slender racemes; the pedicels seldom 
above a line long. Calyx, when dry, exactly like that of M. arvensis, 
but in the living plant its segments are spreading, not erect, after 
flowering. Corolla very small, of a bright blue, with a small, con- 
cave limb. 
On dry, open places, in central and southern Europe, to the Caucasus 
and the western Himalaya. Not frequent in Britain, but apparently 
more so in the south of England than further to the north, and 
is also found in eastern Ireland. Jl. early summer, and dies soon 
after. A white-flowered and more permanent variety, WM. Muitienii, 
is often cultivated. Occasional intermediate forms excite some 
doubts as to whether this be really specifically distinct from JM. 
arvensis. 
5. M. versicolor, Pers. (fig. 703). Changing M.—A little hairy 
annual, with a more simple and erect stem than any of the fore- 
