326 THE SCROPHULARIA FAMILY. [ Ferbaanane 
but very rare, and probably introduced only in Ireland. Fl. summer and 
autumn. 
4. V. nigrum, Linn. (fig. 729). Dark M.—Stem sparingly clothed 
with woolly hairs, 2 to 3 feet high, ending in a long, simple or slightly 
branched raceme. Leaves crenate, nearly glabrous on the upper side, 
slightly woolly underneath; the lower ones large, cordate-oblong, on 
long stalks ; the upper ones nearly sessile, small, and pointed. Flowers 
numerous within each bract, more or less stalked, smaller than in the 
last three species. Corolla yellow, with bright-purple hairs to the 
filaments. 
On banks and waysides, all over Europe and western Asia, except the 
extreme north. Truly indigenous in central and southern England, but 
naturalised only in northern England and southern Scotland, and not 
indicated in Ireland. Fl. summer and autumn. 
5. V. Lychnitis, Linn. (fig. 730). White M@.—About the size of V. 
nigrum, or rather taller. Stem-leaves nearly sessile, the lower ones 
narrowed into a short footstalk, all nearly glabrous above, but covered 
underneath with a short, white, powdery down, which is also sprinkled 
over the stem, and more conspicuous on the calyxes. The racemes 
form a narrow, branching panicle, with erect branches. Flowers 
numerous, pale yellow or nearly white, the size of those of V. nigrum. 
Hairs of the filaments white. 
On banks and waysides, in Europe and western Asia, extending 
northwards into Scandinavia. In Britain, scattered over several parts 
of central and southern England, but local. Fl. summer. 
6. V.pulverulentum, Vill. (fig. 731). Hoary M.—A stately species, 
often growing to the height of 3 feet or more, terminating in a long, 
stiff, pyramidal panicle, with spreading branches, and remarkable for 
the mealy white wool which clothes the whole plant, but is easily rubbed 
off. Leaves sessile, or the lower ones narrowed into a short footstalk, 
broadly oblong and crenate. Flowers numerous, in small clusters, 
about the size of those of the last two species, yellow, with white hairs 
to the filaments. 
On roadsides, and dry, stony wastes, in central and especially southern 
Europe, not extending so far east as the preceding species, nor into 
northern Germany. In Britain, apparently confined to Norfolk and 
Suffolk. Fl. summer. 
II. ANTIRRHINUM. SNAPDRAGON. 
Herbs, with the lower leaves often opposite, the upper ones alternate, 
and the flowers, often showy, solitary in the axils of the upper leaves, 
or forming terminal racemes. Calyx deeply 5-cleft. Corolla with a 
broad tube, slightly protruding below the calyx on the lower side, but 
not spurred as in Linaria ; the divisions of the limb arranged in 2 lips, 
with a projecting palate closing the mouth. Capsule oblique, 2-celled, 
opening at the top by 2 or 8 pores. 
_ The species are not numerous, chiefly confined to the Mediterranean 
regions, or more especially to south-western Europe. 
Perennial, with showy flowers. Sepals broad and»short . 1. A. majus. — 
Annual. ‘Sepals narrow, as long as the corolla 5h : . 2. A. Orontiwmn. 
