336 THE SCROPHULARIA FAMILY. 
central Asia, and northern Africa, but scarcely extent to hae Arctic 
regions. Common in Britain. Fl. the whole summer. 
8. V. scutellata, Linn. (fig. 757). Marsh S.—Rootstock slender and 
perennial, emitting creeping runners; the stems slender, ascending or 
spreading, seldom above 6 inches high, glabrous or rarely downy. 
Leaves linear-lanceolate, glabrous, entire or scarcely toothed. Flowers 
few, in very slender racemes, proceeding alternately from one axil 
only of each pair of leaves. Pedicels filiform. Corolla rather small, of 
a pale pinkish-blue or white. Capsule very flat, broad, and rather 
deeply notched. 
In marshes, ditches, and wet places, in northern and central Europe, 
Russian Asia, and North America. Extends almost all over Britain. 
Fl. summer. ; 
9. V. montana, Linn. (fig. 758). Mountain S.—The foliage is nearly 
that of V. Chamedrys, but the stem is more trailing, rooting at the 
nodes, and hairy allround; the leaves are on longer stalks ; the racemes 
are looser and more slender, with fewer flowers, which are usually 
rather small, and the capsule is very flat, about 4 lines broad, and 
only 3 lines long, regularly orbicular, the broadest part being in the 
middle, notched at the top, and often minutely toothed and ciliate 
round the edge. 
In moist woods, over the whole of temperate Europe, from southern 
Sweden to southern Russia, but not so frequent as V. officinalis and V. 
Chamedrys. Not unfrequent in most parts of England and Ireland, as 
well as in several Scotch counties. Fl. spring and summer. 
10. V. Chameedrys, Linn. (fig. 759). Germander S.—Stems weak, 
creeping at the base, then ascending, often above a foot long, and 
remarkable by the hairs collected into two opposite lines down the 
stem from between each pair of leaves to the leaf next below, whilst 
the rest of the stem is glabrous or nearly so. Leaves shortly stalked, 
ovate-cordate, crenate, and hairy. Racemes axillary, one only from 
each pair of leaves, much longer than the leaves, with rather larger 
bright blue, or rarely smaller pinkish flowers, on rather long pedicels. 
Calyx 4-cleft. Capsule flat, very broad, and notched at the top, narrow- 
ing towards the base. 
In woods, pastures, hedge-banks, roadsides, &c. ; very common all 
over Europe and Russian Asia, from the Mediterranean to the Arctic 
Circle. Extends all over Britain. Fl. spring and summer. 
11. V. hedergefolia, Linn. (fig. 760). Jvy S.—An annual, usually 
not so hairy as V. agrestis; the leaves of a thicker and smoother 
consistence, more distinctly stalked, broadly orbicular, with 5 or 7 
coarse teeth or short lobes, the middle one broad and rounded; but 
the chief distinction is in the calyx, the divisions of which are broadly 
heart-shaped, not narrowed at the base. Corolla and capsule nearly 
those of V. agrestis, but there are usually but 1 or 2 seeds in each cell. 
In waste and cultivated places, in Europe and Russian Asia, extending _ 
as a weed of cultivation over nearly the same area as V. agrestis, but _ 
generally less abundant. In Britain, not near so common as V.agrestis. _ 
Fl, all summer. : 
12, V. agrestis, Linn. (fig. 761). Procumbent S.—A more or less 
hairy, much branched annual, with procumbent or prostrate stems, from 
-3 to 8 or 10 inches long. Leaves shortly stalked, ovate and toothed ; 
