340 THE SCROPHULARIA FAMILY.  [Rhvnanthus. 
XII, RHINANTHUS. RATTLE. 
A genus limited to the single species described below, distinguished 
from Pedicularis chiefly by the calyx and capsule. 
1. R. Crista-galli, Linn. (fig. 770). Common R.—An erect, glabrous 
or slightly hairy annual, with a shortly branched, fibrous root, which 
attaches itself to the living roots of grasses and other plants by means 
of slightly enlarged suckers. Stem from a few inches to a foot high, 
simple or slightly branched. Leaves opposite, lanceolate, and more or 
less coarsely toothed ; the floral ones broader, shorter, and more cut at 
the base. Flowers in a loose, leafy spike; the calyx nearly orbicular, 
inflated, but compressed, contracted at the mouth, with 4 small teeth. 
Corolla yellow, often with a purple spot on the upper, or upon both 
lips ; the tube longer than the calyx ; the upper lip laterally compressed, 
with a tooth or lobe on each side in front ; the lower lip shorter, with 
3-spreading lobes. Stamens 4, in pairs, with obtuse, hairy anther- 
cells. Capsule orbicular, flattened, with a few large, flat, usually winged 
seeds. 
In meadows and pastures, in Europe and Russian Asia, from the 
Mediterranean to the Arctic regions. Abundant in Britain, often 
causing much injury to the herbage. fl. summer, or sometimes later. It 
varies much in stature, in the breadth of the leaves, in the size of the 
flower, and in the form of the teeth of the upper lip; and botanists 
have distinguished three supposed species—A. major, EKhrh., with large 
flowers; &. minor, Ehrh., with small flowers ; and R. angustifolius, with 
linear leaves ; but further observation has shown that these forms are 
neither constant, nor indications of permanent races. [Other characters 
have been taken from the seeds, which are broadly winged, var. platyp- 
tera; narrowly winged, in var. stenoptera ; or wingless, var. aptera. | 
XIII. PEDICULARIS. PEDICULARIS. 
Herbs, with leaves alternate, or, in a very few species, whorled or 
nearly opposite and pinnately lobed, toothed, or divided ; and, in the 
British species, purple flowers, in leafy spikes or racemes. Calyx 
broadly tubular, inflated after flowering, with 2 to 5 irregular, often 
jagged teeth or lobes. Corolla with a distinct tube; the upper lip 
laterally compressed, entire or with a small tooth in front on each side. 
Stamens 4, in pairs, the anther-cells not pointed. Capsule flattened, 
more or less oblique at the top, with a few large seeds attached to the 
lower part. 
A numerous genus in the mountains or colder regions of the northern 
hemisphere, extending far into the Arctic Circle, and found also in some 
of the tropical mountain-ranges. It is always readily known by the 
foliage and calyx. 
Stems 1 to 2 feet high. Calyx with 2 short, broad, jagged lobes. 
Upper lip of the corolla with a tooth on each pices at or below 
the middle ‘ : : . Ll. P. palustris 
Stems prostrate or spreading, not 6 inches long. " Calyx 4- or 5- | 
toothed. Upper Rpt of the corolla without any “teeth at or below . 
the middle F . 2 P. sylvatica — 
1. P. palustris, ee (fig, 7 71). Red Reakihe ele nearly glabrous © 
annual, with a rather thick root ; the stems erect, or, in dry situations, 
