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342 THE SCROPHULARIA FAMILY.  [Melampyrum. 
Asia, but not so common as some other species. In Britain, chiefly 
confined to eastern England. Fl. swmmer. 
2. M. arvense, Linn. (fig. 774). Purple C.—A taller and handsomer 
plant than M. cristatum, and usually covered with a very short close . 
down. Leaves lanceolate, toothed at the base. Flowers in a long, 
loose, leafy spike, beautifully variegated ; the bracts often longer than 
the flowers, at first pink, turning green as they advance, and bordered 
by long slénder teeth. Calyx purplish green, with similar long teeth. 
Corolla 6 to 8 lines long, with a pink tube, a bright yellow throat, and 
deep-red lips. 7 | 
In cornfields, in temperate Europe, from south Sweden to the Cau- © 
casus, often proving very injurious to the crops. In Britain confined to 
a few localities in south-eastern England and in Norfolk. Fl. summer. 
3. M. pratense, Linn. (fig. 775). Common C.—Stem erect or 
ascending, 6 inches to a foot high, with very spreading, opposite 
branches, usually glabrous or nearly so. Leaves lanceolate, the floral — 
ones distant from each other, short, and often toothed at the base. 
Flowers pure yellow, in distant axillary pairs, all turned one way, and 
about 6 to 8 lines long ; the teeth of the calyx usually erect and shorter 
than the tube, but they vary much both in length and direction. 
Chiefly in woods, throughout Europe and Russian Asia. Abundant 
in Britain. Fl. summer and autumn. y 
4, M. sylvaticum, Linn. (fig. 776). Small-fowered C.—Very near 
M. pratense, and not always easy to distinguish from it. It is usually 
a smaller plant, with the floral leaves almost always entire, and the 
flowers very much smaller, of a deep yellow; the calycine teeth are 
more conspicuous, and the lower ones spreading. Corolla seldom above 
4 lines long. 
A high northern and alpine plant, not unfrequent in the woods of 
northern Europe and Asia, and in the high mountain-ranges of central 
Europe, the Caucasus, and Altai. In Britain, apparently limited to 
Scotland, northern England, and north-eastern Ireland. Fl, summer. 
LVII. LABIATA. THE LABIATE FAMILY. 
Herbs, or rarely shrubs, with quadrangular stems or branches, 
and leaves always opposite. Flowers in the axils of the upper 
leaves or bracts, rarely solitary in each axil, more frequently in 
cymes, often so closely clustered that the two opposite cymes 
appear like one whorl of 6, 10, or more flowers (sometimes 
called a verticillaster or false whorl), the whole forming usually - 
a terminal compound spike, raceme, or panicle (more strictly 
termed a thyrsus). Besides the pair of floral leaves or bracts 
under the whorls, there are often smaller bracts to each flower 
in the whorl. Calyx 5-toothed, or rarely 2- or 3-lobed. Corolla 
with a distinct tube and a more or less irregular 4- or 5-lobed 
limb, usually forming two lips. Stamens 2, or 4 in 2 pairs. — 
Ovary 4-lobed, with 1 erect ovule in each lobe, and a single 
