- a 
Stachys. | ‘LVII. LABIATA, — 355 
Lower leaves long-stalked, ovate, deeply cordate . F . 3. S. sylvatica. 
Leaves short- stalked or sessile, oblong or Ta eao ates SeATeRIN 
cordate 4 . 4. S. palustris. 
Low, weak, or spreading annual, with small flowers } - . 5. S. arvensis. 
The S. annua, Linn., a low, erect, south European annual, with yellow 
flowers the size of those of S. palustris, has been inserted in some 
British Floras, probably from having appeared among the weeds in 
some cornfield. The S. coccinea, from Mexico, with red flowers, and a 
few other exotic species, are occasionally cultivated in flower-gardens, 
1. S. Betonica, Benth. (fig. 800). Betony.—A perennial, 1 to 2 feet 
high, more or less downy or hairy, but not woolly. Leaves mostly 
radical, oblong, coarsely crenate and cordate at the base; the upper 
ones few and distant, on short stalks or quite sessile, narrower, and not 
cordate. Flowers in several dense whorls, collected in a close, ter- 
minal, oblong head or spike, with an ovate or lanceolate bract under 
each calyx. Calyx-teeth erect, very pointed, almost prickly. Tube of 
the corolla considerably longer than the calyx; the upper lip ovate, 
erect, and slightly concave, about the length of the lower one. Anther- 
cells more distinct and less divergent than in the rest of the genus, or 
almost parallel. Betonica officinalis, Linn. 
In woods and thickets, all over Hurope and Russian Asia, except the 
extreme north. Abundant in England, extending, but rarely, into the 
counties of Scotland, and into southern Ireland. Fl. summer. 
2. S. germanica, Linn. (fig. 801). Woundwort.—An erect, branching 
perennial, 1 to 3 feet high, remarkable for the long, whitish, silky hairs 
which cover its stems and leaves, and especially the upper portion of 
the plant and the calyxes. Leaves shortly stalked, oblong-ovate or 
lanceolate, slightly cordate at the base, soft and silky. Flowers 
numerous, in dense whorls or clusters, all distinct, the lower ones 
sometimes rather distant, but all forming a long terminal spike, with 
numerous small, narrow bracts, close under the flowers. Calyx-teeth 
often almost prickly. Corolla-tube shorter than the calyx, the upper 
lip very silky outside. | 
In waste places, and on readsides; very common in central and 
southern Europe and western Asia, where it is very variable. In 
Britain it has appeared in some limestone districts of Hampshire, 
Oxford, and Kent, but it is perhaps not indigenous. 7. summer. 
3, S. sylvatica, Linn. (fig. 802). Hedge S.—A green, coarsely hairy 
perennial, with a disagreeable smell; the rootstock emitting short, 
thick, creeping scions; the stem stout, erect, and branching, 2 to 4 feet 
high. Leaves all stalked, rather large, ovate, cordate, and crenate. 
Flowers in whorls of 6 to 10, distant from each other, forming long 
terminal spikes, without any bracts except the floral leaves. Calyx- 
teeth spreading and pointed, but not prickly. Corolla of a dark 
reddish-purple, the tube longer than the calyx, the lower lip variegated 
with white on the upper side. 
In ditches, on shady banks, and the edges of woods, throughout 
Europe and Russian Asia, from the Caucasus and Altai to the Arctic 
Circle. Very abundant all over Britain.’ Fl. summer. 
4. S. palustris, Linn. (fig. 803). Marsh S.—Resembles 8S. sylvatica 
in its creeping rootstalk and tall, stout stems, but the hairs are shorter 
and not so coarse, the smell is not so bad, and the leaves are much. 
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