374 THE GOOSEFOOT FAMILY. [ Chenopodium. 
Lower leaves broadly cordate or truncate at the 
base. Clusters of flowers ee in a loose, ter- 
minal, leafy panicle ; . 8 C. hybridum. 
Lower leaves wedge-shaped, or narrow at the ‘base. < 
Clusters of flowers in axillary spikes, or in a 
short, terminal, leafy panicle. 
Axillary spikes erect, ee or but little branched. 
Seeds horizontal. . 6. C. urbieum. 
Seeds vertical . ‘ 3 . 5. C. rubrum. 
Axillary spikes forked into spreading cymes j . @& C. murale. 
1. ©. Vulvaria, Linn. (fig. 843). Stinking G.—A procumbent or 
spreading, much branched annual, seldom a foot long, covered with a 
granular mealiness, and remarkable for a strong, stale-fish smell when 
rubbed. Leaves small, ovate, all quite entire, on rather long stalks. ~ 
Clusters of flowers small, in short axillary and terminal racemes, often 
branched, but not much exceeding the leaves in length. C. olidwm, 
Curt. 
Under walls, in waste and rubbishy places, in Europe and western 
Asia, extending northwards into southern Scandinavia. Occurs in 
various parts of England and southern Scotland, more rare in the west, 
and in Ireland. fl. summer and autumn. 
2. ©. polyspermum, Linn. (fig. 844). Many-seeded G.—Usually a 
procumbent or spreading, much-branched annual, with all the leaves 
quite entire, as in C. Vulvaria, but without the granular mealiness or 
the nauseous smell of that species. It is also sometimes erect, a foot 
high, with numerous branches, ascending from the base. Leaves 
usually rather thin, green, ovate, 4 to 2 inches long. Clusters of flowers 
small, in short axillary spikes; the upper ones forming an irregular 
terminal spike or narrow panicle. Calyx-segments thin, green, not 
covering the fruit as in C. album. | 
In cultivated and waste places, dispersed all over Europe and Russian 
Asia, except the extreme north. In Britain, limited to England and 
the Channel Islands. Fl. summer and autumn. 
3. C. album, Linn. (fig. 845). White G.—A tough annual, usually 
erect, 1 to 2 feet high, of a pale green, or more or less mealy-white, 
especially the flowers and the under side of the leaves. Leaves stalked, 
the lower ones ovate or rhomboidal, more or less sinuately toothed or 
angular, the upper ones usually narrow and entire. Clusters of flowers 
in short axillary spikes, either dense or interrupted, simple or slightly 
branched ; the upper ones forming a long panicle, leafy at the base. 
Fruit entirely enclosed in the perianth, and seeds all horizontal. 
In cultivated and waste places, throughout Europe and central and 
Russian Asia to the Arctic regions, and carried out with cultivation to 
nearly all parts of the globe. The commonest species in Britain. Fl. 
all summer and autumn. Specimens may sometimes occur with almost 
all the leaves entire, but they have not the smell of C. Vulvaria, are 
usually more erect, and if perfect, the lower leaves at least will always 
show a tendency to the angular or sinuate form. [C. ficifolium, Sm., 
included by Bentham under C. album, is a very marked form with 
oblong-hastate leaves, and smaller dotted seeds which are not keeled. 
C. viride, Linn., is a variety with green not mealy leaves and long lax 
spikes. ] ? 
as C. glaucum, Linn. (fig. 846). Glaucous G.—Sometimes a low, 
procumbent plant, like C. Vulvaria, sometimes more erect, but not so 
