Chenopodium. | LXII, CHENOPODIACE 376 
much so as ©. album, and more branched. Leaves narrow-ovate or 
oblong, sinuately toothed, but more regularly so than in any other 
species, green above, mealy-white underneath. Clusters of flowers 
small, mostly in axillary, nearly simple spikes. Perianth green or 
slightly mealy, almost closing over the fruit, of which the seed is 
usually erect, as in C. rubrum, or horizontal only in a few flowers. 
In cultivated and waste places, dispersed over Europe and central 
and Russian Asia, except the extreme north. Occurs occasionally in 
various parts of England, but not yet detected in Ireland or Scotland. 
Fl. summer and autumn. 
5. C. rubrum, Linn. (fig. 847). Red G.—Very near C. urbicum, of 
which it has the foliage and inflorescence, and only differs in that 
most of the flowers have only 2 or 3 segments to the perianth, with the 
seed erect, not horizontal, and usually much smaller. The whole plant 
is more apt to turn red, especially near the sea. 
On roadsides, and in waste places, especially near the sea, through- 
out Hurope and Russian Asia, except the extreme north. Dispersed 
over England, Ireland, and southern Scotland. fl. summer and autwmn. 
[A variety with subentire more fleshy and triangular leaves is C. 
~ botryodes, Sm.] 
6. C. urbicum, Linn. (fig. 848). Upright G.—An erect, rather stout, 
slightly branched annual, 1 to 2 feet high, usually green, without the 
mealiness of C. album. Lower leaves on long stalks, broadly ovate, 
triangular or rhomboidal, almost always narrowed or wedge-shaped at 
the base, coarsely and irregularly toothed or lobed, 2 or 3 inches long, 
the upper ones narrower and more pointed. Clusters of flowers small 
and numerous, in crowded axillary spikes, usually erect and slightly 
branched, more slender than in C. album. Perianth small and green, 
not completely covering the fruit ; the seed is always horizontal. 
Under walls, on roadsides, and in waste places, throughout Europe 
and central and Russian Asia, except the extreme north. In Britain, 
chiefly near habitations, in England and Ireland. Fl. summer and 
autunn. 
12 G. murale, Linn. (fig. 849). Nettle-leaved G.—An erect or de- 
cumbent and much-branched annual, a foot high or rather more, either 
oreen like C. urbicum, or with a slight, whitish meal. Leaves broadly 
ovate and coarsely toothed, as in C. urbicum, and the inflorescence is 
also chiefly axillary, but the spikes are much branched, forming spread- 
ing cymes. Calyx usually slightly mealy, almost closing over the fruit. 
Seeds all horizontal. 
Under walls, on roadsides, and in waste places, in temperate Europe 
and Asia, as far northward as southern Sweden, and in some other 
countries. Found, but rarely, near habitations, in England and very 
rarely in Ireland, but does not extend into Scotland. “Fl. summer and 
autumn. 
8. C. hybridum, Linn. (fig. 850). Maple-leaved G.—An erect, Binal 
ing annual, 1 to 2 or 3 feet high, green and glabrous. Leaves like those 
of Spinach, rather thick, stalked, ovate, coarsely toothed, sinuate or with 
a few broad lobes, the larger ones 2 or 3 inches long and broadly cordate 
at the base, the upper ones narrower. Clusters of flowers in forked cymes, 
forming a loose terminal panicle, scarcely leafy at the base. Perianth 
green, leaving a considerable part of the fruit exposed. 
