Hippophae.] LXV. ELZAGNACEA. 389 
In stony or sandy places, especially in beds of rivers and torrents, in 
central and eastern Europe and central and Russian Asia, also occasion- 
ally near the seacoasts of the Baltic and the North Sea. In Britain, 
very local, and only near the seacoasts of some of the eastern and 
southern counties of England. Fl. spring. 
LXVI. SANTALACEA., THE SANDALWOOD FAMILY. 
A family limited in Britain to a single species, but compris- 
ing several exotic genera, chiefly tropical or southern, differing 
from Thymeleacee in the perianth combined with the ovary at 
its base, in its valvate, not imbricate, lobes, and in minute but 
important particulars in the structure of the ovary. 
I, THESIUM. THESIUM. 
Low herbs or undershrubs, with alternate entire leaves, no stipules, 
and small flowers. Perianth adhering to the ovary at the base; the 
limb divided into 4 or 5 lobes or segments, valvate in the bud. Stamens 
4 or 5, opposite the lobes of the perianth. Ovary inferior, 1-celled, with 
2 ovules suspended from a central placenta. Style short, with a 
capitate stigma. Fruit a small green nut, crowned by the lobes of the 
perianth. Seed solitary, with a small, straight embryo in the top of the 
albumen. 
A considerable genus, widely spread over Europe and temperate Asia, 
but chiefly abundant in southern Africa. Some of the European species 
have been ascertained to be partially parasitical on the roots of other 
plants, to which they attach themselves by means of expanded suckers, 
like Rhinanthus and some others of the Scrophularia family. 
1. T. linophyllum, Linn. (fig. 883). Bastard Toadflax.—A glabrous, 
green perennial, forming a short, woody rootstock, with several annual, 
procumbent or ascending, stiff stems, usually simple, 6 or 8 inches long, 
but sometimes near a foot. Leaves narrow-linear, or, when very luxu- 
riant, rather broader, and above an inch long. Flowers small, in a ter- 
minal raceme, leafy, and sometimes branching at the base ; each flower © 
on a distinct peduncle, with 3 linear bracts close under it. Perianth 
cleft almost down to the ovary ; the tube of a greenish-yellow colour ; 
the segments white, waved or almost toothed on the edges, and rolled 
inwards after flowering. Nuts small, ovoid, marked with several longi- 
tudinal veins or ribs. 7. humifusum, DC. 
In meadows and pastures, attaching itself to the roots of a great 
variety of plants, generally dispersed over temperate Europe and Russian 
Asia, but not extending into Scandinavia. In Britain, only in the chalky 
pastures of the southern counties of England. Fl. all summer. 
LXVII. ARISTOLOCHIACEA. THE ARISTOLOCHIA 
FAMILY. . 
Herbs, or, in exotic species, tall climbers, with alternate 
leaves, and often leafy stipules ; the flowers brown or greenish. 
