438 THE ORCHID FAMILY. Pain 
of which the lower ones are often longer than the flowers. Flowers 
pendulous, mf a long, 1-sided raceme, varying in colour from green to 
a dingy purple. Sepals ovate- lanceolate, about 3 or 4 lineslong. Petals 
rather smaller. Lip rather small, the lower portion very short. 
In woods and shady places, dispersed over Kurope and temperate Asia, 
except the extreme north. Not unfrequent in Britain, but often appear- 
ing only in single specimens. 0. summer, rather late. [The upper leaves, 
colour of the flowers, and the form of the terminal lobe of the lip are all 
very variable in Britain, giving rise to many varietal or specific names, 
as viridifiora, Hoffm.; purpurata, Sm. ; media, Fries; violacea, Bor. ; 
atrorubens, Hoffm. ; ovalis, Crantz ; and rubiginosa, Crantz. | 
2, E. palustris, Sw. (fig. 985). Marsh #.—Not so tall as £. latifolia, 
the leaves narrower, usually lanceolate, and the bracts all shorter than 
the flowers. Racemes loose, but much closer than in #. latifolia, and 
not 1-sided; the flowers larger, slightly drooping. ‘ Sepals lanceolate, 
of a pale greenish-purple. Petals rather shorter, white, more or less 
streaked with pink at the base. Lip of the colour of the petals, but 
longer even than the sepals, distinctly divided into two portions, the 
lower one thick and half-clasping the column. 
In moist and marshy places, especially in limestone districts, and near 
the sea, in Europe and Russian Asia, except the extreme north. Widely 
spread over Britain, and abundant in particular spots, yet not a common 
“plant, and rare in Scotland and Ireland. Fl. summer. . 
V. CEPHALANTHERA. HELLEBORINE. 
Habit and foliage of Mpipactis, but the flowers are sessile, erect, and 
usually larger, white or red, the petals and sepals not so spreading, the 
lip has no protuberances at the base of the upper portion, the column 
is longer, and the anther is shortly stalked. 
A small European and north Asiatic genus, united by some with 
Epipactis, whilst others place it in a different tribe of Orchids on account 
of the slight difference in the position of the anther. 
Flowers white or cream-colour. 
Leaves broad. Lower bracts longer than the flower, and all 
longer than the ovary . 5 4 . L. C. pallens. 
Leaves narrow. ll the bracts shorter than the ovary ; . 2. C. ensifolia. 
Flowers red : : . . 3. C. rubra. 
1. C. pallens, Rich, (fig. 986). [ae ‘ge Or ‘White H,.—Rootstock 
fibrous. Stem 1 to 14 feet high. Leaves prominently veined as in 
Epipactis; the lower ones broadly ovate, the upper ones rather broadly 
lanceolate. Flowers rather large, of a yellowish white or cream- 
coloured, in a loose, leafy spike, all the bracts being longer than the 
ovary, and the lower ones quite leaf-like and longer than the flowers. 
Sepals 6 to 8 or even 9 lines long, oblong, and usually obtuse, rather 
open. Petals rather shorter, close over the column. Lip small, of two 
distinct portions, the lower one embracing the column, the terminal one 
recurved at the tip. C. grandiflora, Bab. 
In woods and thickets, in Europe, extending northward to Denmark. . 
In Britain, scattered over various parts of England. Fl. early swmmer. — 
25C. ensifolia, Rich. (fig. 987). Narrow H.—Very near C. gr i rr 
