Cephalanthera. | LXXXI. ORCHIDACE., 439 
~ put the leaves are narrower, the lower ones broadly oblong, the upper 
ones long and narrow-lanceolate ; the bracts very short, mostly 1 to 2 
lines long, or the lowest rarely as long as the ovary. Flowers pure 
white ; the sepals narrower and more pointed than in C. pallens. 
Stations and geographical range of C. grandiflora, but extending into 
temperate Asia. It is local in Britain, occurring in various counties from 
Mull and Perth southwards, and rare in Ireland. fl. carly summer. 
38. ©. rubra, Rich. (fig. 988). _Red H.—Stature and foliage of C. 
ensifolia. Bracts rather longer, but not so long as in C. pallens. 
Ovaries and axis of the raceme minutely downy. Flowers rather larger 
- than in C. ensifolia, of a pink red, with a narrow, white lip. 
Stations and geographical range of the last species. In Britain ex- 
tremely rare, having been only seen in Gloucestershire and Somerset. 
Fl, summer. 
VI. LISTERA. TWAYBLADE. 
Herbs, with 2 leaves at some distance from the ground, placed so 
near together as to appear opposite, and small, green flowers in a slender 
raceme. Sepals broader than the petals, otherwise all nearly alike, 
short, and spreading ; the lip longer, linear, and 2-cleft. Anther fixed 
by its base in a cavity at the top of a short column; the pollen as in 
Epipactis. 
A small European, north Asiatic, and North American genus, readily 
known among the small-flowered, spurless Orchids by the foliage. 
Leaves ovate, narrowed at the base, 2 to 4 inches long . : : . 1. L. ovata. 
Leaves broad or cordate at the base, not an inch long . ; é » 2. Lh. cordate. 
1. L. ovata, Br. (fig. 989). Common 7.—The rootstock has a mass 
of clustered, thickish fibres, but not near so succulent as in Neottia 
Nidus-avis. Stem 1 to near 14 feet high, with 2 or 8 sheathing scales 
at the base, and at about 6 inches from the ground a pair of broadly 
ovate, green leaves, 2to 4inches long. Raceme rather long and slender. 
Sepals and petals about 14 to near 2 lines long; the lip twice as long, 
ending in 2 linear lobes. 
In moist pastures and woods, throughout Europe and Russian Asia, 
Frequent in Britain. Fl. spring and summer. 
2. L. cordata, Br. (fig. 990). Lesser 7.—A much smaller and more 
slender plant than JZ. ovata, usually about 6 inches high. Leaves 
seldom above # inch long, very broad, and sometimes slightly cordate at 
the base. Flowers very small, in a short raceme ; the lip linear, 2-cleft, 
with 2 minute teeth at its base. 
On mountain heaths, in northern and Arctic Europe, Asia, and 
America, extending to the Alps and the Caucasus. In Britain, most 
common in Scotland, the north of England, and some parts of Ireland. 
Fl. summer. 
VII. NEOTTIA. BIRD’S-NEST ORCHIS. 
A genus of very few European and north Asiatic species, distinguished 
from. Listera by the brown stems with sheathing scales instead of. ha es, 
and by a rather longer column in the flower. 
