442 THE ORCHID FAMILY. 
of flowers, usually red or purple. Sepals and petals nearly equal. Lip 
turned downwards, usually 3 to 5-lobed, or much dilated at the extremity, 
and produced underneath at its base into a spur or pouch. Anther on 
the face of the column, with 2 erect cells converging together at the 
base, each cell containing a pollen-mass, contracted below into a short 
stalk, terminating in a gland that is concealed ina pouch, . 
A considerable genus, chiefly European and north Asiatic, with a very 
few north American species. The allied genus Habenaria is separated 
by technical characters so difficult for the beginner to appreciate that 
the species of both genera are included in the following table. 
Spur of the perianth very slender, and longer than the ovary. 
Flowers white, rather large, in a loose ispees Two leaves only 
at the base of the stem. ; . 1. A. bifolia. 
Flowers usually red, rather small, in ‘a dense spike. Leaves 
several, narrowed. 
Tubers of the rootstock entire. Spike ovate or pyramidal, 
very dense . 9. O. pyramidalis. 
Tubers lobed or divided. Spike cylindr ical, at length rather ~ 
loose ‘ . 2. H, conopsea. 
Spur from half the length to about the length of the ovar Y. 
Sepals all converging and arching over the column and petals . 
in the form of a helmet. Tubers entire. 
Flowers few, in a loose spike. Lip broadly and shortly 3- 
lobed. : a ipsa . 1. O. Morio. 
Flowers numerous, in a dense or long ‘spike. Lip with 2 
lateral, smaller lobes, and a large 2-cleft middle one... 2. O. militaris. 
Sepals, at least the lateral ones, spreading. Petals, either alone 
or with the upper sepal, arching over the column. 
Spike long or loose. Tubers entire. 
Bracts 1-nerved. Upper sepals arching over the petals 
Bracts with several veins. All 3 sepals spreading 
Spike dense.. Tubers lobed. 
4, O. mascula. 
5 
Bracts shorter than the flowers. Lip irregularly 3-lobed . 6. O. maculata. 
Ak 
8 
. O. laxiflora. 
Lower bracts longer than the flowers. Lip toothed or 
scarcely lobed : . O. latifolia. 
Spur exceedingly short, or reduced to a small pouch or cavity. 
Lip linear, 3-lobed, the middle lobe more than an inch long 
Lip not above a quarter of an inch long. 
Spike rather loose. Flowers green, rather small, with an 
oblong hanging lip, rather longer than the sepals ; 5. H. viridis. 
Spike dense, with numerous small “flowers, the lip not longer 
than the sepals. 
Flowers purple before expanding. Lip white, 4-lobed (3- 
. O. hircina. 
lobed, with a 2-cleft middle lobe) . 8. O. ustulata. 
Flowers pink or pale purple. Lip 3-lobed . : ‘ . 4, H. intacta. 
Flowers white. Sepals ovate. Lip 3-lobed : . . 4. H. albida. 
Flowers greenish-yellow. sepals and Petals rey narrow. 
Lip 3-lobed Z : . HERMINIUM. 
1, O. Morio, Linn. (fig. 997 ) Grémn: winded 02a entire. Stems 
seldom above 6 or 8 inches high, with a few rather narrow, almost 
radical leaves, and 2 or 3 loose, sheathing scales higher up. Flowers 
about 6 to 8, ina loose spike. Bracts thin and rather pink, about the. 
length of the ovary. Sepals purplish, arching over the much smailer 
petals and column in the form ofa helmet. Lip longer than the sepals, 
convex, broadly and shortly 3-lobed, of a pinkish purple, pale in the 
middle, with darker spots. Spur very obtuse, nearly as long as the ovary. 
In meadows and pastures, very common in central and southern 
Kurope, and temperate Asia, rarer towards the north, although extend- 
ing into southern Scandinavia, Abundant in southern England, and 
Ireland, scarcer northwards, and wanting in Scotland. Fl. early summer. 
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