444 THE ORCHID FAMILY, [Orehis. 
In moist woods, meadows, and shady places, in central and southern © 
Europe, extending to the Caucasus and northward to southern Scan- 
dinavia. Generally distributed over Britain. Fl. spring and early 
summer. 
5. O. laxiflora, Lam. (fig. 1001). Loose O.—Near O. maseula, but 
the leaves are narrow-lanceolate or linear; the flowers rather larger, 
of a rich red, in a much looser spike; the bracts broader and always 
more veined; and the 3 sepals are spreading or reflexed, the petals 
alone converging over the column. 
In moist meadows, common in southern Europe, extending into 
central Germany and over the greater part of France and Belgium. 
In the British Isles, confined to Jersey and Guernsey and ballast heaps — 
at Hartlepool. Fv. spring and early suinmer. 
6. O. maculata, Linn. (fig. 1002). Spotted O.—Tubers rather flat, 
and divided into 2 or 3 finger-like lobes. Stem usually about a foot 
high. Leaves varying from nearly ovate to narrow-lanceolate, and 
often marked with dark spots. Flowers in a dense oblong spike, 2 or 
3 inches long, usually of a rather pale pink, but varying much in depth 
of colour. Bracts marked with several veins, the lowest almost always 
longer than the ovary, the upper ones shorter. Sepals about 3 lines 
long, either all or the 2 lateral ones only spreading, whilst the petals 
arch over the column. Lip broadly orbicular, either flat or the sides 
reflexed, usually more or less toothed and irregularly 3-lobed, variously 
spotted or variegated with a deeper colour, the middle lobe usually 
small. Spur rather slender, a little shorter than the ovary. 
In meadows, pastures, and open woods, throughout Europe and 
Russian Asia, from the Mediterranean to the Arctic regions, Abund- 
ant in Britain. Jl. spring and early summer. It varies very much in 
the breadth of the leaves, the size of the bracts, the colour of the 
flower, and the shape of the lip, sometimes approaching very near to 
O. latifolia. 
7. O. latifolia, Linn. (fig. 1008). Marsh O.—Very near O. maculata, 
and by some botanists considered as a mere variety. It is usually 
more luxuriant, the stem more hollow, the leaves larger and not always 
spotted, the spike longer and more leafy, the lower bracts, and some- 
times nearly all, as long as or longer than the flowers, the flowers are 
usually deeply-coloured and less variegated, the lip toothed only or 
very obscurely 3-lobed, and the spur thicker; but these characters are 
not constant. 
With the same geographical range as O. maculata, it is usually found 
in moister situations or richer soils. Frequent in Britain. Fl. spring 
and early summer. A variety with narrow unspotted leaves, more 
regularly tapering from the base, is O. incarnata, Linn. 
8. O. hircina, Scop. (fig. 1004). Zzard O.—A stout species, 1 to 5 
feet high, with entire tubers and a leafy stem. Spike dense, 4 to 8 
inches long ; the flowers rather large, of a dirty greenish-white, with a 
disagreeable smell, and remarkable for their long, linear lip; the 2 
lateral lobes short, the middle one more than an inch long, rolled in- 
wards in the bud, entire or notched at the tip; the sepals converging 
over the column, and the petals small. Loroglossum hiremnum, Rich. 
Widely spread over central and southern Europe, but everywhere 
~ scarce, and often in single specimens, extending into Belgium, Ex- 
