466 THE LILY FAMILY. 
and'then it is distinguished from A. vineale by the long points of the 
spatha-bracts. [A. complanatum, Bor., is a broad-leaved form.] 
4. A. Schoenoprasum, Linn. (fig. 1051). Chives.—Stems about a 
foot high, often several together. Leaves very narrow, but cylindrical 
and hollow, only one of them sheathing the stem at its base. Umbel 
contracted into a dense globular head of rather large, purplish flowers, 
without bulbs. Spatha of 2 or 3 broad, coloured bracts, much shorter 
than the flowers. Perianth-segments 3 to 4 lines long, very pointed. 
Stamens all alike and simple, considerably shorter than the perianth. 
In rocky pastures, throughout temperate and northern Europe and 
Russian Asia, and in the mountain districts of southern Europe. Rare 
- in Britain, being only recorded from Northumberland, Lancashire, 
Brecon, and Cornwall. Fl. summer. [A. sibiricum, L., is a large form 
with recurved leaves, found at Kynance Cove. | 
5. A. spheerocephalum, Linn. (fig. 1052). Round-headed L._—Stems 
1 to 2 feet high. Leaves few and short, very narrow, nearly cylindri- 
cal, and hollow, their sheathing bases covering the lower half of the 
stem. Umbel globular, rather dense, with numerous purplish flowers, 
without bulbs. Spatha of 2 bracts, shorter than the flowers. Perianth 
about 2 lines long. Stamens usually longer than the perianth, the 
3 inner filaments broad and 3-cleft. 
In cultivated and waste places, in central and southern Europe, ex- 
tending eastward to the Caucasus and northward over a great part of 
Germany and Belgium. In Britain, confined to the neighbourhood of 
Bristol, and the Channel Islands. FU. swmmer. 
6. A. vineale, Linn. (fig. 1053). Crow Garlic.—Very near A. 
spherocephalum, and perhaps only the bulb-bearing form of that 
species. The stature, foliage, and flowers are the same, except that 
the perianth is usually much paler and greener, and the inner filaments 
are said to be rather more deeply cleft. ‘The umbel always bears bulbs 
intermixed with the flowers, or bulbs only without flowers. In the 
latter case it is distinguished from A. oleracewm most readily by the 
want of the long points to the spatha-leaves. 
In cultivated and waste places, over the greater part of Europe, and 
more common in the north than A. spherocephalum, extending far into 
Scandinavia. Local in England, Ireland, and Scotland. Fl. early 
summer. 
7. A. ursinum, Linn. (fig. 1054). Ramsons.—Readily distinguished 
by the thin, flat, spreading leaves, 6 to 8 inches long and above an inch 
broad, on long stalks, not sheathing the stem above-ground. Flower- 
stem not a foot high, bearing a loose umbel of about a dozen white 
flowers ; the spatha-bracts usually falling off before the flower expands. 
Perianth-segments lanceolate, very spreading. Stamens shorter, all 
simple. 
In woods and shady places, in central and southern Europe, extend- 
ing all across Russian Asia, and northward to southern Scandinavia. 
Dispersed all over Britain, and in some places very abundant, but not 
everywhere common. J. spring or early summer. | 
8. A. triquetrum, Linn. (fig. 1055). Zriquetrous L.—Leaves broadly 
linear, flat but folded and keeled, only sheathing the stem at its very 
base, and sometimes very long. Flower-stem not a foot high, bear- — 
ing a loose, slightly drooping umbel of rather large white flowers. 
