Juncus. | LXXXVI. JUNCACE. | 469 
anthers opening inwards. Styles single, with 3 slender stigmas. 
Capsule 1- or 3-celled, opening in 3 valves, with few or many 
small seeds. 
A small family, abundantly spread over the whole surface of the globe, 
with almost all the technical characters of the Lily family except the 
consistence of the perianth, whilst the general aspect brings it nearer 
to the Sedges and the Grasses. 
Capsule 3-celled, with many seeds. Leaves cylindrical, at least at their 
tips, or rarely flat . ‘ . 1. JUNCUS. 
Capsule 1-celled, with 3 seeds. Leaves flat and orass- Sikeuc.” p . 2 LUZULA. 
I. J UNCUS. RUSH. 
Leaves stiff and glabrous, cylindrical, at least at the tips, or terete 
and grooved, or very rarely flat and grass-like. Flowers either distinct 
or in little clusters, usually arranged in irregular panicles ; the branches 
very unequal in length, with a dry sheathing bract (like the glumes of 
Sedges and Grasses) under each ramification, cluster, or flower; the outer 
bract or bracts often ending in a long leaf-like point, in some species 
appearing like a continuation of the stem. Stamens 6, rarely 3. Cap- 
-sule 3-celled, with numerous small seeds. 
The principal genus of the Order, and co-extensive in its geographical 
range. The species are almost all inhabitants of marshy, boggy, or wet 
ground, and several are almost cosmopolitan. 
Stems quite leafless, except the brown sheathing scales at the 
base, which have no leafy tips. Flowers in a lateral cluster. 
Stems soft and pliable. 
Flowers very numerous. Perianth about 1 line long 1. J. communis. 
Flowers few, about aed up the stem. Perianth about 2 
lineslong . : : : : : : : . 38. od. filiform. 
Stems rigid. 
Stems tufted, rather slender. me loose. Perianth-seg- 
ments very narrow ‘ 2. J. glaucus. 
Stems very stiff. Rootstock creeping. " Panicle many- -flowered. 
Perianth segments nearly ovate . 4. J. balticus. 
Leaves (sometimes cylindrical and stem-like) either on the stem 
or under the panicle, or forming leafy tips to the sheathing- 
scales at the base of the stem. 
Leaves cylindrical and hollow, but with internal cross partitions, 
which make them look jointed when dry. 
Perianth-segments more or less herered : : s : hee 
Perianth-segments all obtuse . ) 
Leaves and outer bracts cylindrical, “vel y stiff with Di “icky y 
. articulatus. 
. obtusijlorus. 
ae 
points. 
Capsule much longer than the perianth . ; ; : «13. J-acutus, 
Capsule not longer than the perianth . 12. J. maritimus. 
Leaves neither jointed nor prickly (usually channelled, or slender, 
or spreading). 
Leaves all radical or nearly so (except the outer leaf-like 
bract), and much shorter than the stem. 
Flowers not clustered, in a loose panicle < : . . 9 JS. squarrosus. 
Flowers in 1 or 2 terminal heads. 
Heads solitary, with 2to4 flowers. : : ‘ . 17. J. biglumis. 
Heads 1 or 2, with 6 to 8 flowersineach .. : . 16. J. castaneus. 
1 or 2 leaves on the stem below the panicle. 
Small annuals. Flowers pale-coloured. 
Flowers distinct, in a much branched, leafy penile 
occupying the greater part of the plant : . 10. J. bufontus. 
Flowers collected in 1 or few termina! heads. 
