“or «pee 
474 THE RUSH FAMILY. — [Juneus, 
16. J. castaneus, Sm. (fig. 1075). Chestnut R.—The rootstock 
emits creeping runners. Stems 6 inches to a foot high, with a few 
rather short, grass-like, and channelled radical leaves, and 1 or 2 on 
the stem itself, all ending in a fine, nearly cylindrical tip. Flowers 
rather large, dark brown, in 1, 2, or 3 clusters at the top of the stem ; 
the outer bract rather longer than the flowers. Perianth-segments 
pointed, nearly 2 lines long. Capsule oblong, brown and shining, often 
nearly twice the length of the perianth. 
In wet, rocky places, in the mountains of northern Europe, Asia, and 
America, extending all round the Arctic Circle, and at great elevations 
in the principal mountain-chains of Europe and Asia. In Britain, con- 
fined to the Scotch Highlands, where it is very local. Fl. swmmer. 
17. J. biglumis, Linn. (fig. 1076). Two-flowered R.—Leaves radical, 
sheathing the base of the stem, short and grass-like. Stems tufted, 6 
to 8 inches high, each with a single terminal cluster of 2, 3, or rarely 5 
or 6 rather large, brown flowers; the outer bract seldom longer than 
the flowers. Perianth-segments obtuse, scarious on the edges, 14 to 2 
lines long. Capsule as long or longer, more or less obtuse. 
In mountain bogs, in northern and Arctic Europe, Asia, and America, 
and at great elevations in the mountain-ranges of central Europe. In 
Britain, not unfrequent in the Scotch Highlands, extending into northern 
Engiand and North Wales. Fl. summer. Two forms of this plant have 
been distinguished as species, the two-flowered variety (J. biglwmis, 
Linn.), chiefly Arctic, usually with only 2 flowers, a small leafy tip to the 
outer bract, and a short, very obtuse [turbinate, 3-lobed] capsule, [not 
longer than the perianth]; and the more common thv'ee-fllowered variety 
(J. triglumis, Linn.), with 3 or more flowers, no leafy tip to the bract, and 
a longer, less obtuse [ellipsoid-beaked] capsule [much longer than the 
perianth]; but each of these characters will be found to vary occasionally 
in the same tuft, and not always to correspond with each other. [As 
all other botanists regard these forms as species, I have added in [] other 
important characters to those given by Bentham. J. biglumis is a very 
rare Scotch mountain plant, 2 to 6 inches high, with leaves septate 
within and sheaths not auricled. J. triglumis is not uncommon in 
Wales, north England and Scotland, grows 6 to 18 inches high, with 
leaves formed of 2 tubes, and auricled sheaths. ] 
II. LUZULA. WOODRUSH. 
Perennial herbs, differing from Juncus in their softer, flatter, grass- 
- like leaves, often fringed with long, white hairs, and in their capsules, 
not divided into 3 cells, and containing only 3 much larger erect 
seeds. 
A genus widely distributed over both hemispheres, usually in woods, 
meadows, and pastures, in drier situations than the Rushes. 
Flowers panicled. 
Flowers single on each pedicel ; 4 ‘ .. 1.2L, peosa: 
Flowers in clusters of 2, 3, or 4 on each pedicel. 
Plant 2 or 3 feet high, with numerous flowers in a compound 
panicle . 2. L. sylvatica. 
Alpine plant, not 6 inches high, with 3 or 4 small clusters of : . 
flowers . : : ’ : ‘ ; : ; . 3 BL. arcade 
