I 
Luzula. | LXXXVI. JUNCACE. 475 
Flowers i in compact, ovoid heads. 
Flower-heads 3 or 4, the outer ones pedicellate . . 4. DL. campestris. 
Flower-heads nearly sessile, forming a dense terminal spike . 5. DL. spwata. 
1. L. pilosa, Willd. (fig. 1077). Hairy W.—Stock branched and 
tufted, with creeping offsets. Stems slender and erect, 6 inches to a 
foot high. Leaves chiefly radical or near the base of the stem, linear 
and grass-like, 2 or 3 inches long, more or less fringed with long, 
white hairs. Flowers all distinct, or very rarely 2 together; the 
central one nearly sessile, the others on slender peduncles, either 
simple and 1-flowered or more or less branched, forming an irregular 
terminal panicle. Each flower has 2 or 3 scarious bracts at its base. 
Perianth-segments very pointed, of a shining brown. Capsule longer 
or scarcely shorter than the perianth. Seeds with a soft, loose, oblique 
or curved appendage at the top. 
In woods and on banks, common in Europe and Russian Asia, from 
the Mediterranean to the Arctic regions, and in North America. 
Extends all over Britain. Fl. spring. It is usually divided into two 
species, LZ. pilosa, (L. vernalis, DC.), with an obtuse capsule and the 
appendage of the seed decidedly curved, and L. Forstert, DC., with 
an acuminate capsule and the appendage straight or nearly so, but 
the character of the appendage is very variable, and does not cor- 
respond with the differences in habit which it is sometimes sup- 
posed to do. The var. Forster? is confined to the southern half of 
England. 
2. L. sylvatica, Gaud. (fig. 1078). Great W.—Easily known among 
British species by its large size; the stems attaining 14 to 2 feet or 
more, and the leaves a breadth of 3 or 4 lines and a length of above a 
foot. Flowers in little clusters of 2 or 3, in a large, loose, compound 
panicle. Perianth rather smaller than in Z. pilosa, the segments 
broader but with a fine point. Capsule nearly of the same length. 
Seeds without any appendage. JZ. maxima, DC. 
In woods, chiefly in hilly districts, in western, southern, and central 
Europe, as far as central Germany and western Scandinavia. Extends 
all over Britain. Fl. early summer. 
3. L. arcuata, Hook. (fig. 1079). Curved W.—A small species, seldom 
attaining 6 inches, with the leaves channelled almost as in Juncus, 
and without the white hairs of our other Zuzule. 'The panicle consists 
of 3 or 4 clusters or heads of 3 or 4 flowers each, about half the size 
of those of Z. pilosa; the central cluster sessile, the others on rather 
long, slender, curved peduncles. Capsule nearly globular, shorter 
than the perianth. Seeds without any appendage. 
A high northern species, frequent in Arctic Europe, Asia, and 
America. In Britain only on the summits of some of the highest 
Scotch mountains. Fl. summer. 
4, L. campestris, Br. (fig. 1080.) ield W.—The foliage, stature, - 
and white hairs are those of ZL. pilosa, but the flowers, instead of 
being single, are collected 6 to 8 or more together in close ovoid 
heads or clusters, of which from 3 to 6 form a small terminal panicle ; 
the central cluster sessile, the others on slender peduncles varying 
from a line or two to an inch in length. Perianth-segments very 
pointed, brown, with light-coloured shining edges, about 14 lines long. 
Capsules shorter and obtuse. 
