Carex. } LXXXVIII. CYPERACE A. 501 
rather large sheath. Glumes very scarious on the edge. Styles 3-cleft. 
Fruits 10 to 12 in each spikelet, tapering into a pointed beak. 
In alpine meadows, and on moist rocks, in northern and Arctic Europe 
and Asia, in the high ranges of central and southern Europe, North 
Asia, and North America. On the mountains of the north of England 
and Scotland, but rare and local; not in Ireland. Fl. summer. 
39. C. limosa, Linn. (fig. 1149). Mud C_—Rootstock creeping. Stem 
slender, from 3 inches to a foot high, with narrow leaves, sometimes as 
long as the stem, sometimes much shorter. ‘Terminal male spikelet 4 
to near 1 inch long. Females 1 or 2, on slender stalks, drooping, rather 
loose, 6 to 8 lines long. Bracts leafy, without sheaths, or with a short, 
scarious one. Glumes rather dark-brown, ovate, the upper ones pointed. 
Styles 3-cleft. Fruits rather large, roundish, compressed, scarcely 
pointed, and not distinctly beaked. C. irrigua, Hoppe. 
In bogs and mountain marshes, in northern and Arctic Europe, North 
Asia, and North America, and in the higher ranges of Central Europe. 
Local in Britain, chiefly in the north, but extending to Dorset and 
Hants. Fl. summer. The C. rariflora, Sm., is a high northern or Arctic 
variety, with the glumes almost black, and more obtuse, and only 5 or 6 
fruits in each spikelet. It occurs, but rarely, in the highest Scotch 
mountains. [It is generally admitted to be a very distinct species. ] 
40. C. glauca, Murr. (fig. 1150). Glawcous C_—The creeping rootstock, 
elaucous foliage, and most of the characters, are those of C. panicea, 
but there are generally 2 or 3 male spikelets, the female ones are rather 
more compact, on longer stalks, and more or less drooping when ripe, 
and the sheaths of the leafy bracts are usually shorter. Stems, in 
dry situations, 6 or 8 inches high, with short, curved leaves; in rich 
meadows, 1 to 14 feet, with erect leaves as long as the stems. Female 
spikelets 2 or 8, varying from 4 to above 1 inch in length. Glumes 
dark-brown. Styles 3-cleft. Fruit ovoid, not ribbed excevt the 3 
obtuse angles, and without any beak. 
In meadows and marshes, in Europe, extending eastward into tem- 
_ perate Asia, and northward far into Scandinavia. Abundant in Britain 
generally, although in the north less so than C. panicea. Fl. early 
summer. 
41. C. sylvatica, Huds. (fig. 1151). Wood C.—Stems weak, tufted, 
leafy, 1 to 2 feet high. Leaves and leafy bracts flaccid, the latter with long 
sheaths. ‘Terminal spikelet male, about an inch long. Lower spikelets 
2 to 4 or rarely more, all female, or occasionally 1 or 2 of the upper ones 
partially or even wholly male, the females distant, cylindrical, loose- 
flowered, about an inch or rather longer; on slender stalks, and at 
length more or less drooping. Glumes green, narrow, and very pointed. 
Styles 3-cleft. Fruit glabrous, ribbed, tapering, into a long beak. 
In woods, common in Europe and Russian Asia, except the extreme 
north, although in the south it is rather a mountain plant. Frequent 
in Britain, except the north of Scotland. . early summer. 
42. C. strigosa, Huds. (fig. 1152). Thin-spiked C.—Very near C. 
sylvatica, but the female spikelets are much longer, and more slender, 
usually above 2 inches long, the flowers at some distance from each 
other, the peduncles much shorter, almost concealed in the long sheaths 
of the bracts. Glumes green and lanceolate. Fruits tapering to a point, 
but not into a long beak as in C. sylvatica. 
