502 ‘THE SEDGE FAMILY. Carer. 
In mountain woods, dispersed over north and central Europe; ex- — 
tending from France and Denmark to the Caucasus, but nowhere very 
common. Occurs in many parts of England and Ireland, but not in 
Scotland. Fl. carly summer. It is probable that varieties of C. sylvatica 
_ are often mistaken for it. 
43. ©. Pseudocyperus, Linn. (fig. 1153). Cyperus-like C.—Stems 
tall, stout, and triangular, with long, broad leaves, as in C. pendula, but 
the spikelets are not above 2 inches long, more crowded at the top of 
the stem, on longer stalks, and remarkable for the very narrow, pointed, 
ereen glumes, and the narrow, striated, spreading fruits, ending in a 
long, pointed, slender beak. The spikelets droop when in fruit, as in 
C. pendula. The terminal male one has often a few female flowers at 
the top, or sometimes in the whole upper half. Styles 3-cleft. 
In marshes and wet ditches, in central and southern Europe, extend- 
ing eastward to the Caucasus, and northward into southern Scandinavia, 
and in North America. Scotland, south of the Caledonian Canal. 
Spread over a great part of England and Austraha and Treland. Fl, 
carly summer. 
44, C. pendula, Hud. (fig. 1154). Pendulous C_—One of the largest 
of our Carexes. Stems stout, triangular, leafy, 3 to 5 feet high. Leaves 
long, and often near $ inch broad. Spikelets 4 to 6 inches long, more 
or less drooping, the terminal one male ; females 3 or 4, at some dis- 
tance from the male, their stalks almost concealed in the sheaths of 
the long, leafy bracts. Glumes ovate-lanceolate, brown, with a green 
centre. Styles 3-cleft. Fruits small, crowded, ovoid, with a very 
short beak. 
In woods and shady places, in central and southern Europe, extend- 
ine eastward to the Caucasus and northward to the Channel, but 
scarcely into northern Germany. In Britain, scattered over England, 
Ireland, and southern Scotland. Fl. early swmmer. 
45, ©. ampullacea, Gooden. (fig. 1155). Bottle C_—A stout, tufted 
species, the stems scarcely angled, 1 to 3 feet high, with long leaves. 
Spikelets 1 to 2 inches long or even more; males 2 or 3, the terminal 
one longer than the others ; females 2 or 8, erect, cylindrical, compact, 
the lowest shortly stalked. Leafy bracts rather long, without sheaths. 
Styles 3-cleft. Fruits ovoid, inflated, pointed, with a rather long beak, 
spreading horizontally. C. rostrata, Stokes. 
In bogs and marshes, in central and northern Europe, and central 
and Russian Asia, from northern Spain and Italy to the Arctic regions, 
and in North America. Generally spread over Britain. Fl. early summer. 
46. C. vesicaria, Linn. (fig. 1156). Bladder C.—Very near C. 
ampullacea, but the stem is more angular, the spikelets rather shorter, 
and the fruits, although inflated as in that species, are more conical, 
tapering more gradually into the beaks. 
The geographical distribution is nearly the same as that of C. ampul- — 
lacea, extending from Spain to the Arctic regions, and all across Russian ~ 
Asia into North America. In Britain, however, it is less frequent, and © 
does not extend so far north. Fl. spring and carly summer. [As observed 
under C. saxatilis (p. 495), that plant has been regarded by various 
authors as a variety of vesicaria. Whether as forms or distinct species” 
they may be distinguished by the following characters :—C. vesicaria 
(including C. ¢nvoluta, Bab.) ; stems 1 to 2 feet, fruit elongate-ribbed, 
