a * lee +. 
b ; . a 
oo ‘ q 
528 THE GRASS FAMILY. 
Outer glumes of all the spikelets slightly dilated at the base, 
not ciliate, and one of each lateral spies pene than 
the rest . ; : . 4. H, maritimum. 
Sich ek awib eter: see (fig. 1209). Wood B.—An erect peren- 
nial, about 2 feet high, with flat leaves, usually hairy on the sheaths. 
Spike cylindrical, not very dense, about 3 inches long. The central 
spikelet of each notch is reduced to 2 narrow-linear glumes, either 
quite empty or rarely containing a rudimentary or male flower, the 2 
lateral spikelets have each 1 perfect flower, and sometimes a second, 
either rudimentary or male; the outer glumes like those of the central 
spikelet, but rather broader and longer, and placed side by side; the 
flowering glume shorter, but terminating in a long awn. : 
In woods and thickets, in central and southern Europe, extending 
eastward to the Caucasus and northward to southern Scandinavia. In 
Britain, not rare in some of the midland and northern counties of Eng- 
land, but not found in Scotland, and only near Dublin in Ireland. 
Fl. summer. 
2. H. pratense, Huds. (fig. 1210). Meadow B.—An erect or decum- 
bent annual or perennial, often 2 feet high, and tufted or bulbous at 
the base. Leaves glabrous and rather narrow. Spike 14 to 2 inches 
long, close and cylindrical. To each notch are 3 pairs of awn-like 
rough glumes; within the central pair is a flowering glume, lanceolate, 
but completely rolled round the flower, and tapering into an awn as 
long as itself; within each of the 2 lateral pairs is usually an inner 
glume smaller than the central one, either empty or enclosing a male or 
rudimentary flower. 
In moist meadows, and pastures, in central and southern Hurope, 
extending eastward all across Russian Asia and into north-west India, 
and North America, and northward to southern Scandinavia. Frequent 
in England, very local in Ireland, and Berwick only in Scotland. 1. 
early summer. 
3. H. murinum, Linn. (fig. 1211). Wall B.—A rather coarse, tufted 
Grass, the stems decumbent at the base, 1 to 2 feet long. Leaves often 
hairy. Spike dense and cylindrical, 38 or 4 inches long, thickly beset 
with the long rough awns. Outer glumes of the 3 spikelets all awn- 
like, but those of the central spikelet somewhat broader at the base 
and ciliate. Inner glume of each spikelet lanceolate and rolled inwards 
at the base, ending in a long awn; that of the central spikelet enclos- 
ing a perfect flower, and a short awn-like empty glume at the back of 
the palea; those of the lateral ones empty or with a very imperfect 
male flower. 
In waste places, on roadsides, &c., in central and southern Europe 
and western Asia, extending northwards to southern Scandinavia, and 
now naturalised in many parts of the world. Frequent in England, 
confined to the east of Scotland, and very rare in Ireland. F. all 
summer. 
4, H. maritimum, With. (fig. 1212). Sea B., Squirrel-tail Grass.— _ 
Very near H, murinum, but smaller and somewhat glaucous, the spikes — 
smaller, with shorter awns, and 3 pairs of outer glumes all lanceolate — 
at the base but not ciliate, and one of each of the lateral pairs a little 7 
broader than the others. : 
On the seacoasts of western Europe, and all oven the Mediterranean _ 
