OUTLINES OF BOTANY. XXX ix 



pilose, -when the surface is thinly sprinkled with rather long simple 

 hairs. 



hispid, when more thickly covered with rather stiff hairs. 



hirsute, when the hairs are dense and not so stiff. 



downy or pubescent, when the hairs are short and soft ; puberulent ) 

 when slightly pubescent. 



strigose, when the hairs are rather short and soft, and lie close along 

 the surface all in the same direction; strigillose, when slightly strigose. 



tomentose or cottony, when the hairs are very short and soft, rather 

 dense and more or less intricate, and usually white or whitish. 



woolly {lanate), when the hairs are long and loosely intricate, like 

 wool. The wool or tomentum is said to be floccose when closely intricate 

 and readily detached, like fleece. 



mealy {farinose), when the hairs are excessively short, intricate and 

 white, and come off readily, having the appearance of meal or dust. 



canescent or hoary, when the hairs are so short as not readily to be 

 distinguished by the naked eye, and yet give a general whitish hue to the 

 epidermis. 



glaucous, when of a pale bluish-green, often covered with a fine 

 bloom. 



174. The meanings here attached to the above terms are such as ap- 

 pear to have been most generally adopted, but there is much vagueness in 

 the use practically made of many of them by different botanists. This is 

 especially the case with the terms pilose, hispid, hirsute, pubescent, and 

 tomentose. 



175. The name of €£lands is given to several different productions, and 

 principally to the four following : — 



1 . Small wart-like or shield-like bodies, either sessile or sometimes 

 stalked, of a fungous or somewhat fleshy consistence, occasionally secreting 

 a small quantity of oily or resinous matter, but more frequently dry. They 

 are generally few in number, often definite in their position and form, and 

 occur chiefly on the petiole or principal veins of leaves, on the branches 

 of inflorescences, or on the stalks or principal veins of bracts, sepals, or 

 petals. 



2. Minute raised dots, usually black, red, or dark-coloured, of a 

 resinous or oily nature, always superficial, and apparently exudations from 

 the epidermis. They are often numerous on leaves, bracts, sepals, and green 

 branches, and occur even on petals and stamens, more rarely on pistilss 

 When raised upon slender stalks they are called pedicellate (or stipitate. 

 glands, or glandular hairs, according to the thickness of the stalk. 



3. Small, globular, oblong or even linear vesicles, filled with oil, 

 imbedded in the substance itself of leaves, bracts, floral organs, or fruits. 

 They are often very numerous, like transparent dots, sometimes few and 

 determinate in form and position. In the pericarp of Umbelliferce they 

 are remarkably regular and conspicuous, and take the name of viitce. 



4. Lobes of the disk (137), or other small fleshy excrescences 

 within the flower, whether from the receptacle, calyx, corolla, stamens, or 

 pistil. 



