OUTLINES OF BOTANY. XIX 



pinna or leaflet, the leaf or pinna so divided is said to be abruptly pinnate] 

 if there is an odd terminal pinna or leaflet, the leaf or pinna is unequally 

 pinnate (imparipinnatum). 



44. The number of leaves or their parts is expressed adjectively by the 

 following numerals, derived from the Latin : — 



uni-, bi-, tri-, quadri-, quinque-, sex-, septem-, octo-, novem-, decern-, multi-, 

 1-, 2-, 3-, 4-, 5-, 6-, 7-, 8- 9-, 10-, many- 



prefixed to a termination, indicating the particular kind of part referred to. 

 Thus :— 



unidentate, bidentate, multidentate, mean one-toothed, two-toothed, 

 many-toothed, etc. 



bifid, trifid, multifid, mean two-lobed, three-lobed, many-lobed, etc. 



unifoliolate, bif olio/ate, multifoliolate, mean having one leaflet, two 

 leaflets, many leaflets, etc. 



unifoliate, bifoliate, multifoliate, mean having one leaf, two leaves, 

 many leaves, etc. 



bitemate, and triternate, mean twice or thrice ternately divided. 



unijugate, bijugate, multijugate, etc., pinnae or leaflets, mean that 

 they are in one, two, many, etc., pairs {Juga). 



45. Xieaves or their parts, when flat, or any other flat organs in 

 plants, are 



linear, when long and narrow, at least four or five times as long as 

 broad, falsely compared to a mathematical line, for a linear leaf has always 

 a perceptible breadth. 



lanceolate, when about three or more times as long as broad, broadest 

 below the middle, and tapering towards the summit, compared to the head 

 of a lance. 



cuneate, when broadest above the middle, and tapering towards the 

 base, compared to a wedge with the point downwards ; when very broadly 

 cuneate and rounded at the top, it is often called flabelliform or fan- 

 shaped. 



spathidate, when the broad part near the top is short, and the narrow 

 tapering part long, compared to a spatula or flat ladle. 



ovate, when scarcely twice as long as broad, and rather broader below 

 the middle, compared to the longitudinal section of an egg; obovate is the 

 same form, with the broadest part above the middle. 



orbicular, oval, oblong, elliptical, rhomboidal, etc., when compared to 

 the corresponding mathematical figures. 



transversely oblong, or oblate, when conspicuously broader than long. 



falcate, when curved like the blade of a scythe. 



46. Intermediate forms between any two of the above are expressed by 

 combining two terms. Thus, a linear -lanceolate leaf is long and narrow, 

 yet broader below the middle, and tapering to a point ; a linear-oblong one 

 is scarcely narrow enough to be called linear, yet too narrow to be strictly 

 oblong, and does not conspicuously taper either towards the summit or to- 

 wards the base. 



47. The apex or summit of a leaf is 



acute or pointed, when it forms an acute angle or tapers to a point. 

 obtuse or blunt, when it forms a very obtuse angle, or more generally 

 when it is more or less rounded at the top. 



acuminate or cuspidate, when suddenly narrowed at the top, and then 



