163 

 164 



166 



U 



ixxiv INTRODUCTION. 



'Perianth of 6 or 4 segments. Stamens as many or half as many 162 

 Flowers glumaceous, consisting of alternate chaffy scales, en- 

 161-! closing the stamens and pistil in the same or separate scales 165 

 Stamens and pistils in dense heads or spikes, without distinct 



perianths 166 



One style, with 2 or 3 linear stigmas 163 



162-[ One ovary, with 3 distinct styles or stigmas . . . .164 

 Three distinct ovaries . . . Scheuchzeria (p. 429). 



'Flowers minute, unisexual, in a globular head Eriocaulon (p. 476). 

 Flowers complete, distinct, or clustered, or panicled 



JUNCACE^ (p. 468). 

 Three short styles .... Tofieldia (p. 468). 



Three sessile stigmas . . . Triglochin (p. 430). 



Flowers with a single scale under each set of stamens and pistil. 

 Sheath of the leaves closed round the stem Cyperace^ (p. 477). 

 16.5-! Flowers enclosed in 2 or more scales. Sheath of the leaves 

 usually split open on the side opposite the blade 



Gramine^e (p. 501). 

 Fruit a berry. Leaves usually broad . . Aroide^e (p. 420). 

 Fruit a dry nut. Leaves linear and sedge-like Typhace^e (p. 418). 



II. CRYPTOGAMS. (No Stamens or Pistil.) 

 'Plants with distinct roots and stems or rootstocks, with leaves 



or green branches 2 



Plants variously shaped, without distinct roots, stems, and 

 leaves, seldom green unless aquatic 



Cellular Cryptogams (p. 547). 



Fructification in terminal spikes 3 



Fructification radical or in the axils of small leaves . . .4 

 Fructification on the back of the leaves or leaf -like branches 



Filices (p. 554). 

 Fructification on the whorled leaves. Aquatic plant 



Chara (p. 547). 

 f Stems leafless, jointed, simple, or with whorled branches 



Equisetum (p. 551). 

 Stems bearing numerous small leaves. Spores of one kind 



Lycopodium (p. 547). 

 Stems bearing numerous small leaves. Spores of two kinds 



Selaginella (p. 549). 

 Stem bearing a simple or branched leaf below the spike 



Filices (p. 554). 



.( Spore-cases sessile 5 



\ Spore-cases stalked 6 



f Spore-cases small, in the axils of small leaves or bracts 

 J Lycopodium (p. 547). 



Spore-cases in the enlarged base of linear submerged leaves 



Isoetes (p. 549). 

 Spore-cases (or involucres) globular on the rootstock at the 



base of linear leaf -like fronds . . PiLULARiA (p. 550). 

 Spore-cases globular or urn-shaped, opening with a lid 



Mosses (p. 547). 

 Spore-cases opening in valves . . , Hepatioe (p. 547). 



M 



5 



