Brassica.] VI. CRUCIFERiE. 37 



and more leafy. Radical leaves pinnatifid or pinnate, the lobes or 

 segments short and broad, and marked by a few coarse teeth, the upper 

 leaves more deeply divided, with narrower segments. Flowers rather 

 large, pale yellow. Pods spreading, \\ to above 2 inches long, with a 

 thick beak, from a fifth to above a third of the whole pod, and usually 

 containing 1 to 3 seeds above the valves. 



In western Europe, and chiefly in the Pyrenees and south-western 

 Alps, but extending up the west coast of France to Britain. Fl. summer. 

 The smaller state is the most frequent in sandy places on the western 

 coasts of Great Britain as far north as Bute, but the more luxuriant 

 variety, often distinguished as a species, under the name of Smapis or 

 Brassica Cheiranthus, occurs in Cornwall and the Channel Islands. 



4. B. oleracea, Linn. (fig. 79). Cabbage. — In the wild state the 

 Cabbage has a thick, almost woody stock, probably of two or three 

 years' duration, branching into erect stems, 1 to 2 feet high. Leaves 

 glabrous and glaucous, the lower ones large, stalked, broad, sinuate, 

 or lobed at the base, the upper ones oblong, usually sinuate, clasping 

 the stem by their broad base, but not projecting into auricles. Flowers 

 rather large, pale yellow. Pod spreading, 1 \ inches or more in length. 



On maritime cliffs, round the Mediterranean, and on the coasts of 

 northern France and of southern England, as well as in some more 

 northern localites, but there probably escaped from cultivation. FL 

 early summer. The cultivated forms of this species include the Cabbage, 

 Cauliflower, Broccoli, Kale, Kohlrabbi, Sec, of gardeners. [This and the 

 following are doubtless forms of one species, the varieties of which are 

 variously classed under one or the other. Another division of the 

 aggregate species is founded on the leaves and flowers, one having 

 leaves glaucous beneath, and flowers pale orange, whilst the other has 

 leaves not glaucous, and smaller bright yellow flowers. The Cabbage 

 is a type of the first, the Turnip of the other.] 



5. B. campestris, Linn. (fig. 80). Field B. — In its wild state this is 

 an erect, simple, or scarcely branched annual, 1 to 2 feet high. Lower 

 leaves green and slightly glaucous, more or less pinnately divided, with 

 a large terminal lobe, and rough with stiff hairs, which are sometimes 

 very copious, and rarely entirely wanting ; upper leaves narrow-oblong or 

 lanceolate, clasping the stem with rounded proj ecting auricles. Flowers 

 and pods much like those of B. oleracea, but the petals are usually of a 

 brighter yellow. B. polymorpha, Syme. 



On borders of fields, and waste places, throughout Europe and 

 Russian Asia. A frequent weed of cultivation in Britain. Fl. spring 

 and summer. The cultivated varieties include the Turnip (B. Napus), 

 the Rape or Colza (B. Rapa), and probably also the Swedish Turnip (B. 

 Rutabaga). 



6. B. alba, Boiss. (fig. 81). Cultivated Mustard. — Stem 1 to 2 feet 

 high, glabrous, or with spreading, stiff hairs. Leaves pinnately lobed or 

 divided, more or less rough, the lobes ovate or oblong, coarsely toothed, 

 the terminal one the largest. Flowers rather large, fruit-pedicels 

 spreading. Pod § to 1 inch long, but more than half occupied by a 

 stout flattened beak, often curved, with a single seed in its base, the 

 valves and lower part of the beak very hispid with stiff white hairs con- 

 cealing the prominent nerves. Sinapis alba, Linn. 



In waste and cultivated places, in Europe and western Asia, and 



