38 THE CRUCIFER FAMILY. [Brassica. 



often cultivated for salad or forage. Not unfrequent in some parts of 

 England and Ireland, more rare in Scotland. FL all summer. 



7. B. Sinapis, Visiani. (fig. 82). Charlock, Wild Mustard. — A coarse 

 annual, 1 to 2 feet high, with a few stiff spreading hairs. Leaves 

 rough with very short hairs, the lower ones usually with one large oval 

 or oblong coarsely toothed segment, and a few smaller ones along the 

 leafstalk, the upper ones often undivided, oblong or lanceolate. Flowers 

 rather large. Pods more or less spreading, \ to 1^ inches long, of which 

 rather more than a third is occupied by a stout beak, often containing 

 a seed in its base ; the valves glabrous, or rough with stiff reflexed 

 hairs, the lateral nerves prominent. Sinapis arvenis, Linn. B. Sina- 

 pistrum, Boiss. 



A native probably of southern Europe, but now one of the most 

 abundant weeds of cultivation throughout Europe and Asia, and but 

 too common all over Britain. Fl. all summer. 



8. B. nigra, Koch. (fig. 83). Black Mustard. — Less hairy than the 

 last two species, and sometimes entirely glabrous, especially in the 

 upper part, but the lower leaves and stem are generally slightly hispid. 

 Stem 2 feet high or more. Leaves mostly deeply divided, with one large 

 terminal ovate or oblongjj lobe and a few small lateral ones, the upper 

 leaves often small and entire. Flowers rather smaller than in B. Sinapis. 

 Pods on short pedicels, closely pressed against the axis of the long 

 slender racemes, glabrous, seldom more than half an inch long, with a 

 slender style, slightly conical at the base, the valves marked with a 

 strong midrib. Sinapis nigra, Linn. 



On banks, under hedges, in waste and cultivated places, in central 

 and southern Europe and temperate Asia, and much cultivated for its 

 seed. Scattered over England, and apparently wild on some points 

 of the south coast ; rare in Scotland. Perhaps introduced only into 

 Britain. Fl. summer. 



9. B. adpressa, Boiss. (fig. 84). Hoary B.—Very like B. nigra in 

 habit and foliage, but more frequently biennial, the stem stiffer and 

 harder at the base, the leaves less divided, and more or less hoary with 

 short rough hairs. Pods short and closely pressed against the axis, as 

 in B. nigra, but terminating in a short, thick, 1 -seeded beak, instead of 

 a slender style. Seeds rather ovoid, not globular. Sinapis incana, Linn. 



On sandy or arid places near the sea, in southern Europe, extending up 

 the west coast to the Channel Islands, and rarely to Ireland. Fl. summer. 



XII. COCHLEARIA. COCHLEARIA. 



Annuals or perennials, usually glabrous, with undivided leaves, and 

 white flowers. Filaments of the stamens without appendages. Pod 

 globular, ovoid or shortly oblong, with a broad partition ; the valves 

 very convex. Seeds several in each cell, not bordered, the radicle 

 accumbent. 



Besides the common northern species, the genus contains several 

 Asiatic and south European ones, some of them intermediate, in 

 appearance, between the two very dissimilar ones here associated. 

 The pod is very different from that of any other British white-flowered 

 Crucifer. 



