Rose.] XXVI. ROSACEA. 143 



The most common exotic Roses in our cottage gardens are the Callage 

 Rose and Moss Roses, varieties of the R. centifolia, of uncertain origin 

 (perhaps not distinct from the R. gallica, from central and southern 

 Europe) ; the Ayrshire Rose, a cultivated variety of the south European 

 R. sempervirens ; and the China Roses, varieties of the Asiatic R. indica ; 

 but several other species from Europe, Asia, and North America, are 

 also in general cultivation, and are the parents of numerous garden 

 hybrids. 



1. It. pimpinellifolia, Linn. (fig. 329). Burnet or Scotch R.—A 

 small, erect, very much branched shrub, usually under a foot high 

 when wild, and seldom above 2 feet in cultivation, usually armed with 

 numerous unequal, mostly straight, rather slender prickles, often more 

 or less intermixed with glandular hairs. Leaflets small, 7 or 9 to each 

 leaf, glabrous or with a minute glandular down ; the teeth simple, or 

 very rarely again toothed. Flowers rather small, white or pink, solitary 

 at the end of the short branches ; the floral stipules small. Calyx 

 globular or slightly ovoid, and smooth ; the segments lanceolate, almost 

 always entire. Carpels all sessile, with free styles. Fruit black, or 

 rarely red, globular or nearly so, crowned by the persistent segments 

 of the calyx. R. spinosissima, Linn. 



In dry, bushy wastes, either near the sea or on dry, heathy hills, 

 widely spread over Europe and temperate Asia, ascending occasionally 

 to considerable elevations, but not extending to the Arctic regions. 

 Common in Scotland and in several parts of England and Ireland, 

 generally not far from the sea. FL spring or early summer, and sometimes 

 again later. This is the origin of the Scotch Roses of our gardens. 



2. It. villosa, Linn. (fig. 330). Downy R. — In its ordinary state 

 this is distinguished from the downy varieties of R. canina chiefly by 

 the globular fruit, more or less covered with small, fine prickles, which 

 are seldom entirely wanting. It is usually more erect and bushy, the 

 prickles of the stem straight or but slightly curved ; the leaflets softly 

 downy on both sides, and almost always doubly toothed. Calyx-seg- 

 ments long, and often expanded near the top, sometimes all entire, 

 sometimes, as in R. canina, some of them more or less pinnately lobed. 

 Flowers white or pale pink. R. tomentosa, Sm. 



In hedges and thickets, in Europe and western Asia, and chiefly in 

 the north, or in the mountain districts of the south. Generally dis- 

 tributed over Britain, but chiefly in Scotland, northern and western 

 England, and Ireland. Fl. early summer. The R. pomifera from con- 

 tinental Europe appears to be a variety of this species, which, although 

 generally very distinct, seems in some localities to pass into forms of 

 R. canina. 



3. R. rubiginosa, Linn. (fig. 331). Sweetbriar.—Yevj nearly allied 

 to R. canina, but in its typical state, as cultivated in our gardens, easily 

 recognised by the aromatic scent of the foliage when rubbed. This 

 proceeds from small glands, copiously scattered on the leafstalks and 

 the under side and edges of the leaflets, often giving the foliage a rusty 

 hue. In the wild state the scent is often very faint, although the 

 glands are still numerous. The plant is usually more slender than R. 

 canina, the prickles curved or hooked, often intermixed with glandular 

 hairs; the leaflets rather small, and almost always doubly "toothed ; 

 the flowers pink, usually solitary, rather smaller than in R. canina. 



