Pyrus.] XXVI. ROSACEA. 147 



extending into northern Germany. In Britain only in southern and 

 central England. Fl. spring. 



5. P. Aucuparia, Gsertn. (fig. 338). Rowan-tree, Mountain Ash. — 

 A moderate-sized tree, distinguished from all the foregoing by the 

 regularly pinnate leaves. Leaflets 11 to 19, in pairs along the common 

 stalk, with a terminal one at some distance from the last pair ; all 

 narrow- oblong, toothed, from 1 to near 2 inches long, glabrous or 

 nearly so above, more or less downy underneath. Flowers white, rather 

 small, but very numerous, in showy corymbs at the ends of short leafy 

 branches. Peduncles and calyx more or less downy. Styles rather 

 short, usually 3, almost glabrous and free from the base. Berries 

 numerous, small, globular, of a bright red. 



In woods, throughout Europe and Russian Asia, especially in moun- 

 tainous districts and at high latitudes, where it shrinks into a stunted 

 shrub. Generally distributed over Britain in a wild state, besides being 

 much planted. Fl. spring or early summer. The cultivated Service-tree 

 (P. domestica) has precisely the foliage of P. Aucuparia, of which it is 

 believed by some to be a variety produced by cultivation. The flowers 

 are rather larger and the styles often woolly, but the only real distinc- 

 tion is in the fruit, which is very much larger, assuming the form of a 

 little pear. It has been inserted in British Floras on a single tree in the 

 forest of Wyre, near Bewdley, which has, however, been in all proba- 

 bility planted there. 



XIV. CRATAEGUS. HAWTHORN. 



Shrubs, seldom growing into trees, mostly armed with stout thorns 

 formed of abortive branches, and differing from Pyrus only in the hard 

 bony consistence of the cells of the fruit. 



The genus is, like Pyrus, spread over the temperate regions of the 

 northern hemisphere, but the species are more numerous in North 

 America than in Europe and Asia. Among those most frequently 

 cultivated in our shrubberies and gardens are the C. pyracantha from 

 south-eastern Europe, and the C. Crus-galli, and some other North 

 American ones. The evergreen C. glabra, from China, now forms the 

 genus Photinia. 



1. C. Osyacantha, Linn. (fig. 339). Hawthorn, May, Whitethorn. — 

 A thorny shrub or small tree, glabrous or more or less downy on the 

 calyxes and young foliage. Leaves stalked, narrowed at the base, and 

 more or less divided upwards into 3 or 5 lobes or segments, which are 

 irregularly toothed or even lobed. Flowers white or pink, sweet- 

 scented, in sessile corymbs on short leafy branches. Petals broad. 

 Styles 1, 2, or 3. Fruit red, globular or ovoid, crowned by the short 

 divisions of the calyx, and containing a hard, bony, 1- or 2-celled nut, 

 each cell with a single seed. 



In woods, thickets, and hedges, throughout Europe and central and 

 Russian Asia, except the extreme north. Abundant in Britain, and 

 universally cultivated for artificial hedges. Fl. spring or early summer. 

 It varies much in the form of its leaves, the down of its foliage and 

 calyx, the number of styles, and the colour and size of the flower and 

 fruit. [A variety with more deeply cut leaves, pubescent calyx and 

 smaller later fruits of 1 carpel, is the C. monogyna, Jacq.] 



