184 THE UMBELLATE FAMILY. [Carwm. 



partial umbels containing but few flowers, some quite sessile, others 

 on pedicels varying from 1 to 6 lines in length. Flowers small, white. 

 Fruit 1J to 2 lines long, often curved by the abortion of one of the 

 carpels. Petroselinum segetum, Hoffm. 



In fields and waste places, dispersed over central Europe and western 

 Asia, but apparently wanting both in the north and in the south. In 

 Britain only in southern and central England. Fl. summer and autumn. 



3. C. verticillatum, Koch. (fig. 412). Whorled C. — Perennial stock 

 short and thick, covered with the decayed bases of old leafstalks, the 

 fibrous roots slightly thickened, the erect annual stems 1 to 1£ feet high. 

 Leaves mostly radical, consisting of from 12 to 20 pairs of opposite seg- 

 ments, about 2 or 3 lines long, divided to the base into a number of fine 

 subulate lobes, so as to appear like whorls or clusters of segments placed 

 at regular distances along the common stalk, the whole leaf being 4 to 

 6 inches long. Stem-leaves similar but few and small. Umbels terminal, 

 not large, of 8 or 10 rays. Involucres, both general and partial, of several 

 very small, linear bracts. 



In heaths and bogs, in western Europe, from the Spanish peninsula to 

 Belgium. In Britain, common in some parts of Wales and Ireland, and 

 in Western Scotland. Fl. summer and autumn. 



4. C. Carvi, Linn. (fig. 413). Caraway. — A biennial forming a tap 

 root, and perhaps occasionally a perennial stock. Stem erect, branched, 

 1-| to 2 feet high. Leaves with a rather long sheathing footstalk, pinnate, 

 with several pairs of segments, which are sessile, but once or twice 

 pinnate, with short linear lobes ; in a leaf of 3 or 4 inches, the lowest or 

 next to the lowest segments are about f of an inch long, the others dimi- 

 nishing gradually to the top. Upper leaves smaller and less divided. 

 Umbels of about 8 or 10 rays, either without involucres, or with 1 or 2 

 small linear bracts. Carpels (commonly called Caraway seeds) about 2 

 lines long, linear-oblong, and usually curved, with the ribs prominent. 



In meadows and moist pastures, in the greater part of Europe and 

 Russian and central Asia, from the Arctic regions to the Mediterranean 

 and Himalaya, more rare in western Europe. Naturalised in many parts 

 of Britain ; having been long cultivated for its aromatic carpels. FL 

 spring and early summer. 



5. O. Bulbocastanum, Koch. (fig. 414). Tuberous C. — Resembles 

 the Conopodium denudatum, and like that species, the stock forms globular 

 underground tubers, known by the name of Earthnuts or Pignuts. Radical 

 leaves (which usually disappear at the time of flowering) twice or three 

 times ternate ; the segments all stalked and pinnately divided into a 

 small number of linear lobes, less unequal than in Conopodium denudatum. 

 Involucres always present, consisting of a few very fine bracts. Carpels 

 like those of C. Carvi, but more slender, with the ribs rather less pro- 

 minent, although more so than in Conopodium denudatum, and the face 

 of the seed is flat or slightly concave, not furrowed as in the Conopodium. 

 Vittas single, under each interstice. Bunium Bulbocastanum, Linn. 



In dry pastures, on banks, roadsides, &c, especially in limestone dis- 

 tricts, in central and southern Europe, and central Asia, scarcely extend- 

 ing into central Germany. In Britain, not generally diffused, but said 

 to be abundant in some parts of Hertfordshire, Cambridgeshire, and 

 adjoining counties. Not recorded from Ireland. Fl. summer. 



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