Cltcerophyllum.} XXXV. UMBELLIFEK^E. 199 



over Europe and Kussian Asia. Bather frequent in England and 

 Scotland, more scarce in Ireland. Fl. spring and early summer. 



XXXI. CAUCALIS. CAUCALIS. 



Hairy annuals, with dissected leaves. Umbels usually compound, 

 with partial involucres of several simple bracts, or rarely wanting. 

 Outer petals usually larger, and deeply bifid. Fruit ovoid, covered with 

 prickles or bristles. Carpels with 3 or 7 dorsal ribs, and 2 on the inner 

 face ; vittas single under each furrow. Albumen more or less furrowed 

 on the inner face. 



A small European, Asiatic, and African genus, one of the few natural 

 ones in the family, if retained entire. It is well distinguished from 

 Daucas by the involucre, the shape of the fruit, and the albumen ; from 

 the bristle-fruited Chcerophyllum by the want of the smooth tip to the 

 fruit ; from all other British compound umbelled Umbelliferce by the 

 bristled fruits. 



Umbels opposite to the leaves, sessile, or on peduncles shorter 

 than the rays. 

 Umbels contracted into little sessile heads. Fruit short . . C. nodosa. 

 Umbels of 3 or 4 slender rays. Fruit oblong, with a short beak Chcerophyllum. 

 Umbels terminal, or on peduncles longer than the rays Anthriscus. 



Fruit not 2 lines long, with short bristles, mostly hooked. 

 General involucre of several bracts (often very small), one 



under each of the outer rays 2. C. Anthriscus. 



General involucre of a single bract or entirely wanting . . 3. C. arvensis. 

 Fruit 3 or 4 lines long or more, with long prickles. 

 Leaves twice or thrice pinnate, with much cut, short segments 4. C. daucoides. 

 Leaves once pinnate, with long pinnatind segments . . C. latifolia. 



1. O. nodosa, Sm. (fig. 447). Knotted Caucalis. — Stems procumbent 

 or spreading, scarcely a foot long. Leaves twice pinnate, with small, 

 narrow, pointed segments. Umbels forming little heads, closely sessile, 

 and opposite to the leaves ; they are sometimes composed of 2 or 3 

 exceedingly short, scarcely distinct rays, sometimes of a simple cluster. 

 Fruits smaller than in the other species ; the outer ones covered with 

 short, straight or hooked bristles, which on the inner ones are reduced 

 to mere tubercles. Torilis nodosa, Linn. 



On roadsides and in waste places, in the limestone districts of central 

 and southern Europe, and eastward to the Caucasus, extending north- 

 ward chiefly as a weed of cultivation. Common in sunny places in 

 southern England and Ireland, more rare in the north and in southern 

 Scotland. Fl; spring and summer. 



2. C. Anthriscus, Huds. (fig. 448). Hedge Parsley. — Stem erect, 

 attaining 2 or even 3 feet, with slender, wiry branches, sprinked, as well 

 as the leaves, with appressed, stiff hairs. Leaves once, or the lower 

 ones twice pinnate ; the segments lanceolate, pinnatifid, or coarsely 

 toothed ; the lower ones of each leaf stalked, and remote from the 

 others. Umbels on long, slender peduncles, rather small, of from 3 to 

 7 or 8 rays. Involucres, both general and partial, of small, subulate 

 bracts, one close under each ray and often readily distinguished at first 

 sight. Petals pink or white, not very unequal in size. Fruit a small 

 burr, being covered with short, rough bristles, more or less curved 

 inwards, or hooked at the top. Torilis Anthriscus, Linn. 



