Cornus.] XXXVIII. COENACEiE. 205 



round the summit of the ovary. Petals 4, valvate in the bud. Stamens 

 4, alternating with the petals. Style simple. Ovary 2- celled, with a 

 single pendulous ovule in each cell. Fruit a berry-like drupe ; the stone 

 1- or 2-celled, with 1 seed in each cell. Seeds with a fleshy albumen 

 and a rather long embryo. 



A genus not numerous in species, but extending over the temperate 

 and colder regions of the northern hemisphere, both in the New and 

 the Old World. It was formerly included in Caprifoliacece, from which 

 it differs chiefly in the distinct petals, valvate in the bud. 

 Low herb. Umbel surrounded by 4 petal-like bracts . . . 1. C. suecica. 

 Shrub. Flowers in a corymb, without bracts 2. 0. sanguinea. 



Some other shrubby species of Cornus are often planted in our shrub- 

 beries, especially C. alba, alternifolia, and florida, from North America, 

 and C. mas from southern Europe. 



1. 0. suecica, Linn. (fig. 459). Dwarf Cornel. — Unlike as this little 

 herb is to C. sanguinea, its generic affinity may be traced through the 

 exotic C. florida. It has a slender, creeping perennial rootstock, with 

 annual stems, barely 6 inches high, and usually simple. Leaves sessile, 

 ovate, entire, seldom above an inch long, with 5 or sometimes 7 longi- 

 tudinal nerves, and sprinkled with a few very minute, closely-appressed 

 hairs. Flowers very small, in a little terminal umbel, surrounded by 4 

 large, broad, petal-like, white bracts, so as to give the whole umbel the 

 appearance of a single flower with 4 petals. The real petals are very 

 minute, of a dark purple. Drupes small and red, resembling berries. 



In mountain moors of Northern regions, extending into the Arctic 

 Circle nearly all round the globe. Abundant in Scandinavia, and de- 

 scending southward to northern Germany. Not uncommon in the 

 Scotch mountains, reappearing in north-eastern England, but not in 

 Ireland. FL summer, rather late. 



2. C. sanguinea, Linn. (fig. 460). Dogwood. — An erect shrub, of 5 

 or 6 feet. Leaves opposite, broadly ovate, and stalked ; when young, 

 hoary or silky, with closely appressed hairs ; but when full grown, green 

 and nearly glabrous. Flowers numerous, forming terminal cymes of 1 J 

 to 2 inches in diameter, without bracts ; the calyx and peduncles 

 covered with a mealy down. Petals of a dull white, lanceolate, nearly 

 3 lines long. Drupes globular, almost black and very bitter. 



In hedges and thickets, in temperate Europe and Kussian Asia, ex- 

 tending northwards into southern Scandinavia. Abundant in southern 

 England, becoming scarce in the north ; not wild in Scotland, and only 

 in a very few localities in Ireland. FL early summer. 



XXXIX. CAPRIFOLIACE^:. THE HONEYSUCKLE 



FAMILY. 

 Trees, shrubs, or herbs, with opposite leaves, and no stipules. 

 Flowers usually in terminal heads, corymbs, or panicles, more 

 rarely axillary. Calyx combined with the ovary, with an entire 

 or toothed border, sometimes scarcely prominent. Corolla 

 monopetalous, 5- or rarely 4-lobed, regular or somewhat irre- 

 gular, with the lobes overlapping each other in the bud. 



