Eupatorium.] XLIII. COMPOSITE. 225 



.-/Achenes tapering into a slender beak, bearing the pappus . . . .48 



' 1 Pappus sessile or not supported on a distinct, slender beak . . . .49 



4 n / Peduncles radical, simple, with a single flower-head . . , 30. Taraxacum. 



(Flowering steins branched, bearing several heads . . . .37. Ckepis. 



SAchenes strongly striate, and slightly narrowed at the top. Pappus of nume- 

 rous white hairs. Lower leaves frequently pinnatifid . . .37. Crepis. 

 Achenes but slightly striate, not narrowed at the top. Pappus of rather stiff 

 bristles, of a dirty white 50 

 Leaves toothed or entire. Flowers yellow 38. Hieracium. 

 Leaves pinnatifid. Flowers blue 34. Lactuca. 



k-j / Flowers blue. Pappus a small cup formed of short scales . 39. Cichorium. 



\ Flowers small and yellow. No pappus 52 



? Stem 1 to 2 feet, leafy, with several flower-heads ... 41. Lapsana. 



52 -j Stem leafless, not 6 inches high, hollow under the flower-heads. Leaves radical. 



( 40. Arnoseris. 



Since the earlier editions of this work, the Composites have under- 

 gone a generic revision, and although the above three principal divisions 

 or suborders established by Jussieu, the Corymbiferce, the Cynaroideaz, 

 and the Ligulatce, may still be convenient for the British or even the 

 European Flora, it has been found necessary for general purposes to dis- 

 tribute the known genera (near eight hundred) into thirteen tribes. 

 Of these the following eight are represented in Britain. 



1. Eupatoriacile. Florets all similar, tubular, not yellow. Style branches club- 

 shaped or obtuse. Genus : — 1. Eupatorium. 



2. Asteroide^e. Central florets tubular, usually yellow, outer ones radiating or 

 filiform, rarely wanting. Anthers not tailed at the base. Style-branches usually 

 flattened and pointed. Genera: — 2. Aster; 3. Erigeron ; 4. Solidago ; 5. Bellis. 



3. iNULOLDEiE. Florets of AsTEROiDEiE, but the anthers with fine points or tails 

 at the base. Style-branches obtuse. Pappus of very slender hairs. Genera: — 6. 

 Filago ; 7. Gnaphalium ; 8. Aktennaria ; 9. Inula. 



4. Helianthoide^e. Central florets tubular, usually yellow, outer ones radiating 

 or wanting. Receptacle with scales. Style-branches truncate or with a pointed 

 appendage. Pappus of rigid bristles, or scales, or none. Genera : — 10. Xanthium ; 



11. BlDENS. 



5. Anthemide^e. Central florets tubular, usually yellow, outer ones radiating, 

 filiform, or none. Style-branches truncate. Pappus none, or of a small ring. 

 Genera :— 12. Chrysanthemum ; 13. Matricaria ; 14. Anthemis ; 15. Achillea ; 

 16. Diotis ; 17. Tanacetum ; 18. Artemisia. 



6. Senecionide^e. Central florets tubular, usually yellow, outer ones radiating, 

 or none. Style-branches truncate. Pappus of fine hairs. Genera : — 19. Tussilago ; 

 20. Senecio ; 21. Doronicum. 



7. Cynaroidece. Florets all tubular, rarely yellow. Style entire, or with short 

 branches, usually swollen below the end. Leaves and involucres usually prickly. 

 Genera : — 22. Arctium ; 23. Serratula ; 24. Saussurea ; 25. Carduus ; 26. Ono- 

 pordon ; 27. Carlina ; 28. Centaurea. 



10. CiCHORiACEiE or Ligulat^e. Florets all ligulate. Genera: — 29. Tragopogon ; 

 36. Helminthia ; 31. Picris ; 32. Leontodon ; 33. H ypochosris ; 34. Lactuca ; 35. 

 Sonchus; 36. Taraxacum; 37. Crepis; 38. Hieracium; 39. Cichorium; 43. Arno- 

 seris; 41. Lapsana. 



Among the numerous exotic genera familiar to us by long or general 

 cultivation may be mentioned the Marigold (Calendula), the Sunflower 

 and Jerusalem Artichoke (Helianthus), the French and African Marigolds 

 (Peruvian species of Tagetes), several Everlastings {Helichrysum, and other 

 Cape and Australian genera), several species of Coreopsis, Rudbeckia, 

 Zinnia, Dahlia, Ageratum, &c, all belonging to Corymbtfcra ; the Arti- 

 choke and Cardoon (Cynara), and the Globe- Thistle (Echinops), belonging 

 to Cynaroidece, and Scorzonera, and Catananche among Ligulatce. 



I. EUPATORIUM. EUPATORY. 



Herbs (or in exotic species, shrubs), with leaves mostly opposite, and 



P 



