Solidago.] XLIII. COMPOSITE. 229 



Britain. Fl. summer and autumn. [Very variable ; S. cambrica, Huds., is 

 a dwarf mountain form with broader ciliate leaves and larger heads.] 



V. BELLIS. DAISY. 



Low herbs, with alternate or radical, entire or toothed leaves. Flower- 

 heads solitary, on radical or axillary peduncles, with a yellow disk 

 and white or pink ray. Involucre hemispherical, with many bracts of 

 equal length, in about two rows, and green, not scarious, at the tips. 

 Receptacle conical, without scales. Achenes compressed, without any 

 pappus. Style nearly that of Aster. 



A small genus, extending over the temperate regions of the northern 

 hemisphere. 



1. B. perennis, Linn. (fig. 504.) Daisy.— Stock perennial, tufted. 

 Leaves radical, obovate or oblong, slightly toothed. Peduncles also 

 radical, leafless, bearing single flower-heads. Involucre green, nearly 

 glabrous. Florets of the ray ligulate, white or tinged with pink ; those 

 of the disk numerous, small, and tubular. 



In pastures, common throughout Europe, except the extreme north, 

 but apparently not extending into Russia, nor ascending high into 

 mountain regions. Abundant all over Britain. Fl. nearly the whole year 

 round. 



VI. FILAGO. FILAGO. 



Annuals, covered with the grey or white cottony wool and with the 

 narrow entire leaves of Gnaphalium. Flower- heads numerous, very 

 small, sessile, in lateral or terminal clusters. Involucral bracts cottony 

 outside, shortly dry, and scarious at the tips. Receptacle small, with 

 a row of scales within the outer row of florets, but none in the centre 

 of the head. Florets of the centre tubular, sometimes barren, those of 

 the circumference more numerous, filiform, and fertile as in Gnaphalium, 

 the anthers, style, and achene the same as in that genus. 



A genus of few species, widely spread over Europe and Russian Asia, 

 and reappearing in western extratropical America. In the previous 

 editions of this work it was included in Gnaphalium, some species of 

 which it closely resembles, but the general revision of the order has 

 shown the necessity of keeping it distinct. 



Clusters of flower-heads few, globular and terminal, each with 



numerous flower-heads . . . 1. F. germanica. 



Clusters numerous, lateral and terminal, with less than 10 heads 

 in each. 



Leaves linear-lanceolete 2. F. minima. 



Leaves linear-subulate 3. F. gallica. 



1. F. germanica, Linn. (fig. 505). Cudweed.— An erect cottony 

 annual, about 6 to 8 inches high, simple or branched at the base ; each 

 stem terminated either by a single globular cluster of flower-heads, or 

 throwing out immediately under it 2 or 3 branches, each ending in a 

 similar cluster. Leaves erect, lanceolate or linear, pointed or obtuse, 

 sometimes spathulate ; those under the clusters shorter or rather longer 

 than the clusters themselves. Flower-heads very small, about 12 to 20 

 or 30 in each cluster ; the involucres ovoid- conical, more or less angular. 



