Chrysanthemum.] XLIII. COMPOSITE. 237 



scarious ; the florets of the ray, as well as the disk, of a deep golden- 

 yellow. 



A cornfield weed, probably of Mediterranean origin, but now common 

 all over Europe, except the extreme north. Abundant in Britain. Fl. 

 summer and autumn. 



3. C. Parthenium, Pers. (fig. 525). Feverfew C. — Stock perennial, 

 shortly branched ; the flowering stems erect, branching, a foot high or 

 rather more. Leaves pinnate ; the segments ovate or oblong, pinnatifid 

 and toothed. Flower-heads numerous, about half an inch in diameter, 

 in a terminal corymb ; the florets of the ray white, ovate or oblong, 

 those of the disk numerous and yellow. Achenes crowned by a minute 

 toothed border. Pyrethrum Parthenium, Sm. 



On roadsides and in waste places, in central and southern Europe to 

 the Caucasus, and spread from cultivation much farther north, as well 

 as to many other parts of the globe. Dispersed over a great part of 

 Britain, but perhaps not truly indigenous ; absent from Ireland. Fl. 

 summer, A very double variety is frequent in our flower-gardens. 



XIII. MATRICARIA. MATKICARY. 



Habit, foliage, and usually the conical or very convex receptacle of 

 Anihemis, but the receptacle without scales as in Chrysanthemum. 

 Achenes 3- or 5-ribbed on the inner face only, smooth on the back, 

 without pappus, but sometimes crowned with a minute entire or 4-toothed 

 border, and often bearing near the top 2 prominent glandular spots. 



A small European, northern Asiatic, and North American genus. 



Receptacle at first nearly flat, at length ovoid. Achenes 5-ribbed 



on the inner face 1. M. inodora. 



Receptacle conical from the first. Achenes 3-ribbed on the inner 



face 2. M. Chamomilla. 



1. M. inodora, Linn. (fig. 526). Scentless M. — An erect or spreading, 

 branched annual, 1 to 1J feet high, with the leaves of an Anthemis 

 twice or thrice pinnate, with numerous narrow-linear, almost capillary 

 lobes. Flower-heads rather large, on terminal peduncles. Involucral 

 bracts with a brown, scarious edge, as in C. Leucanthemum. Florets of 

 the ray white, about 7 or 8 lines long ; those of the disk numerous and 

 yellow. Receptacle convex hemispherical or ovoid, but not so conical 

 nor hollow as in M. Chamomilla. Achenes prominently ribbed on the 

 inner face, crowned with a minute, entire or 4-toothed border, and 

 marked outside near the top with 2 glandular spots. 



In fields and waste places, common in Europe and Russian Asia, from 

 the Mediterranean to the Arctic regions. Extends all over Britain. 

 Fl. the whole season. M. maritima, Linn., is a maritime perennial variety 

 with the leaves rather succulent. 



2. M. Chamomilla, Linn. (fig. 527). Wild Chamomile.— "Resembles 

 so closely the Anthemis Cotula that it can scarcely be distinguished but 

 by the odour and the absence of the scales between the florets. It is, 

 like that plant, an erect, branching annual ; the leaves twice or thrice 

 pinnate, with short, but very narrow linear segments, and the flower- 

 heads rather large, on terminal peduncles. Involucral bracts all nearly 

 of the same length, with scarious edges. Ray-florets white. Receptacle 



