274 THE CAMPANULA FAMILY. [Campanula. 



IV. CAMPANULA. CAMPANULA. 



Flowers in panicles, racemes, or spikes, sometimes contracted into 

 short leafy heads, or rarely solitary. Corolla regular or nearly so, bell- 

 shaped, broadly tubular or rotate, with 5 broad or lanceolate lobes. 

 Anthers distinct. Style 2-, 3-, or 5-cleft at the top. Capsule crowned 

 by the teeth or lobes of the calyx, and opening laterally or at the top. 



A numerous genus, widely spread over the globe, chiefly in the northern 

 hemisphere or in the mountain-ranges of the hotter regions, with a few 

 extratropical southern species. Taken as a whole, it is a natural and 

 readily recognised group, but diversities in the opening of the capsule, 

 and minor points, have induced botanists to subdivide it into three or 

 more separate genera. Their characters are, however, so little in accord 

 with their general habit, that, in a local Flora, they may be more con- 

 veniently considered as sub-genera or sections. 



Calyx-tube and capsule long and narrow. Corolla rotate 



(Specularia) 9. C. hybrida. 



Calyx-tube short and broad. Corolla bell-shaped. 

 Delicate, prostrate plant, with nearly orbicular, angularly 

 toothed leaves. Capsule opening at the top (Wahlbn- 



bergia) 8. C. hederacea. 



Stems erect or ascending. Upper leaves narrow or pointed 

 Capsule opening at the sides. (Campanula proper.) 

 Stem-leaves linear or linear lanceolate, entire or nearly so. 

 Lobes of the corolla as long or nearly as long as the tube. 

 Annual or biennial, with slender spreading branches and 



few flowers. The corolla rather large and very open . 6. C. patula. 

 Erect, stiff perennial, with long racemes of rather small 



flowers 5. C. Ranunculus. 



Lobes of the corolla considerably shorter than the tube . 7. C. rotundifolia. 

 Stem-leaves ovate lanceolate or heart-shaped and toothed. 

 Flowers two or more together in the upper axils or in ter- 

 minal heads or clusters. 

 Flowers closely sessile, in compact heads . . . . 1. C. glomerata. 

 Flowers shortly stalked, in rather loose clusters . . 2. C. Trachelium. 

 Flowers growing singly in the upper axils or in a simple 

 terminal raceme. 

 Flowers (middle-sized) in a long terminal raceme, with 



short floral leaves . 4. C. rapunculoides. 



Flowers few and large, the lower ones in the axils of 

 leaves longer than themselves. 

 Lower stem -leaves stalked, but tapering at the base . 3. C. lati/olia. 

 Lower stem-leaves stalked, and heart-shaped at the 

 base 2. C. Trachelium. 



Many species of Campanula have long been garden favourites for the 

 beauty of their flowers ; such are the Canterbury-bell (C. medium), 'C. 

 pyramidalis, betoniccefolia, garganica, carpalhica, persicifolia, &c. The 

 latter species widely distributed over the Continent, and northern Asia, 

 and, easily maintaining itself when once planted, has been inserted in 

 our Floras, but it has not anywhere spread permanently. 



1. 0. glomerata, Linn. (fig. 617). Clustered C. — Kootstock short, 

 more or less creeping. Stem firm, erect, a foot high or rather more, 

 and hairy. Kadical and lower leaves stalked ; the remainder sessile, 

 broadly lanceolate, clasping the stem by their cordate base, and roughly 

 hairy. Flowers sessile in small clusters in the upper leaves, the upper 

 ones forming a compact leafy head. Corolla blue, about half an inch 

 long or rather longer. Capsules short and broad, crowned by the 



