Campanula.] XLIV. CAMPANULACE^E. 275 



narrow leafy teeth of the calyx, and bursting open by small clefts at 

 their base. 



In rather dry pastures, throughout Europe and Kussian Asia, except 

 the extreme north. Extends over the greater part of England, but is 

 rare in the western counties and in Ireland, and is found only in eastern 

 Scotland. Fl. summer. In very dry soils it often becomes much 

 dwarfed. 



2. C. Trachelium, Linn. (fig. 618). Nettle-leaved C. — A variable 

 species, sometimes approaching in appearance the smaller specimens 

 of C. latifolia, sometimes with the upper flowers almost contracted 

 into a head or cluster like C. glomerata. Lower leaves on long stalks, 

 always broadly heart-shaped and coarsely toothed ; the upper ones small 

 and ovate-lanceolate. Flowers large, 2 or 3 together in short leafy 

 racemes in the upper axils or at the summit of the stem, or sometimes 

 solitary, as in C. latifolia ; the calyx stiffly hairy, with broadly-lanceolate 

 segments. 



Its stations and geographical range are nearly the same as those of 

 C. latifolia, extending all across Kussian Asia, but it appears to be more 

 generally diffused in western Europe. It is also rather common in some 

 parts of England, and found in Scotland as far north as Lanark and 

 Fife ; in Ireland, in Kilkenny only. FL summer. 



3. C. latifolia, Linn. (fig. 619.) Giant C. — A tall, handsome species, 

 with nearly simple stems ; the leaves ovate-lanceolate, pointed and 

 toothed, often 6 inches long and at least 2 inches broad, all narrowed 

 at the base, and the lower ones stalked. Flowers large, blue or white, 

 solitary in the axils of the upper leaves, forming a leafy raceme, the 

 uppermost exceeding their leaves. Capsules short, crowned by the 

 long-lanceolate calyx-segments, and opening by short clefts at the base. 



In the woods of northern Europe and Eussian and central Asia, and 

 extending to the Arctic regions, but rather a mountain plant in southern 

 Europe. Frequent in central and southern Scotland, and northern 

 England, rare in the south, and not a native of Ireland. FL summer. 



4. C. rapunculoides, Linn. (fig. 620). Creeping C. — Kootstock more 

 creeping than in the other species, with a simple erect stem 1 to 2 feet 

 high. Lower leaves on long stalks, and heart-shaped ; the upper ones 

 small, ovate-lanceolate. Flowers drooping, not so large as in the last 

 two species, but varying in size ; they grow singly in the axils of small 

 floral leaves, forming long, terminal, simple racemes. Capsules nearly 

 globular, crowned by the linear or narrow-lanceolate lobes of the calyx, 

 and opening by small clefts at the base. 



In open woods, in central and southern Europe and western Asia. 

 Having been early cultivated in gardens, and when once planted in 

 genial soil becoming often difficult of extirpation, it is doubtful how 

 far it may be indigenous in the more northern stations given for it. In 

 Britain, admitted as a native of a few localities distantly scattered over 

 England and Scotland, but evidently naturalised. Fl. summer. 



5. O. Rapunculus, Linn. (fig. 621). Eampion, Ramps. — An erect, 

 stiff, but rather slender perennial, more or less covered with stiff 

 white hairs, which almost disappear when cultivated. Kadical leaves 

 oblong or ovate, on long stalks, and slightly crenate ; the stem- 

 leaves narrow and mostly entire. Flowers small, on short peduncles, 

 forming long, simple or slightly branched terminal racemes ; the 



