276 THE CAMPANULA FAMILY. [Campanula. 



corolla divided to about the middle into 5 lanceolate segments, but 

 not near so large nor so open as in C. patula. Capsule short and erect, 

 opening in small lateral clefts close under the narrow-linear segments 

 of the calyx. 



On banks, roadsides, and open pastures, in central and southern 

 Europe to the Caucasus, becoming scarcer farther north, and in many 

 places probably only escaped from cultivation. In Britain it used to 

 be commonly raised in kitchen gardens for its tuberous roots, and it is 

 uncertain whether it should be held as a true native in those localities 

 in southern England where it is now established. Fl. summer. 



6. C. patula, Linn. (fig. 622). Spreading C. — An erect, but rather 

 slender annual or biennial, about a foot high, and slightly hairy, with 

 spreading branches. Eadical leaves obovate or oblong and stalked ; 

 the stem ones few, narrow-lanceolate or linear, nearly entire. Flowers 

 few, rather larger than in C. rotundifolia, in a spreading panicle ; the 

 corolla much more open, of a more purplish colour, and divided to 

 the middle into 5 broad, pointed lobes. Capsule obconical, erect, 

 and opening in short clefts close under the long, linear segments of 

 the calyx. 



Under hedges, on banks, and in bushy pastures, over the whole of 

 Europe, except the extreme north, extending to the Caucasus and to 

 the Ural. In Britain, chiefly confined to the central and southern 

 counties of England. Fl. summer. 



7. C. rotundifolia, Linn. (fig. 623). Harebell. — A perennial, with 

 a slender, creeping rootstock, often very intricate ; the radical leaves, 

 which mostly die away at the time of flowering, orbicular or heart- 

 shaped ; those of the stem all narrow-lanceolate or linear, and entire. 

 Stems ascending or erect, 6 to 18 inches high, often branched, with a 

 few elegantly drooping blue flowers in a loose raceme or panicle, or 

 sometimes solitary. Corolla bell-shaped, with 5 broad lobes much 

 shorter than the tube. Capsule ovoid or globular, pendulous, and 

 opening by short clefts close to the base. 



In hilly pastures, on heaths, banks, and roadsides, the commonest 

 species in Europe and Kussian Asia, from the Mediterranean to the 

 Arctic Circle, and ascending to great elevations ; also common in the 

 northern United States and Canada. Abundant all over Britain. Fl. 

 summer and autumn. 



8. C. hederacea, Linn. (fig. 624). Ivy C. — A little graceful, prostrate 

 perennial, with very slender, thread-like branches, and small delicate 

 leaves, mostly orbicular, or broadly heart-shaped, with a few broad, 

 angular teeth. Flowers on long filiform peduncles, drooping in the 

 bud, nearly erect when fully out, and often drooping again as the 

 fruit ripens. Corolla not half an inch long, narrow-bell shaped, 

 of a delicate pale-bluish purple. Capsule almost globular, opening 

 in 3 valves at the top between the calycine teeth, on which account 

 the species is placed by modern botanists in the genus Wahlenbergia, 

 Schrad. 



In moist, shady pastures, and woods, chiefly along rills and banks. 

 Abundant in the extreme west of Europe, extending through central 

 France, eastward to the Khine. In Britain, common in south-eastern 

 Ireland and western and southern England, as far north as the Isle of 

 Man, and more sparingly in the east, from Sussex in the south to 



